Barriers to implementation of pharmaceutical care by pharmacists in Nsukka and Enugu metropolis of Enugu State

Okonta, Jegbefume Mathew; Okonta, Eleje Oboma; Ofoegbu, Tochi Chimuaya

doi:10.4103/0976-0105.103823

Cited by 24 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“… 30 Okonta et al in southeastern Nigeria suggested that technical collaboration of health professionals and health facility management with pharmacists’ regulatory authorities will promote pharmaceutical care practice and bridge most of the gaps. 31 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limitations to the dynamics of pharmaceutical care practice among community pharmacists in Enugu urban, southeast Nigeria

Ogbonna¹,

Ezenduka²,

Soni³

et al. 2015

IPRP

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BackgroundThe introduction of pharmaceutical care in Nigeria has been faced with many challenges in addition to limited information regarding the practice.ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the barriers encountered by community pharmacists in Nigeria in the provision of pharmaceutical care.MethodsA cross-sectional descriptive survey was carried out in Enugu urban, southeast Nigeria. Data were collected using pretested and structured 5-point Likert scale questionnaires that were self-administered to the respondents. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.ResultsThe 78 community pharmacists comprised 62 males and 16 females. Out of the 78 respondents, 69 (88.5%) had the basic Bachelor of Pharmacy degree while three (3.9%) had Fellowship, Master’s, and Doctor of Pharmacy degrees respectively. The mean number of years of practice was 8.2 (±0.6). The key limitations to the implementation of pharmaceutical care were: pharmacists’ attitude and lack of pharmaceutical care skills, as well as resource and system-related constraints. Others challenges were interprofessional and academic obstacles like lack of collaboration (66.6%) and lack of role models (42.1%). Most of the respondents (81%) were strongly willing to adopt and implement pharmaceutical care, while 19.2% were not strongly willing to practice pharmaceutical care.ConclusionDespite limitations to practice, community pharmacists in the area are very inclined to implement pharmaceutical care in the private sector to improve patients’ quality of life.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limitations to the dynamics of pharmaceutical care practice among community pharmacists in Enugu urban, southeast Nigeria

Ogbonna¹,

Ezenduka²,

Soni³

et al. 2015

IPRP

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“…The healthcare professionals’ motivation and the positive perception of the program were facilitators of this project, even though the lack of motivation and physician’s program perception are often described as barriers in the literature [ 2 , 8 , 11 ]. However, a lack of time and resources, frequently cited in the literature, were also described as barriers in this project, particularly by pharmacists [ 3 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most frequent barriers cited by pharmacists are lack of time, lack of resources/staff, lack of support/technical assistance, and inadequate infrastructure in the pharmacy [ 2 , 3 , 6 – 10 ]. The lack of motivation and the lack of benefits perceived by healthcare professionals are barriers that limit the adoption of these new services [ 2 , 8 , 11 ]. Moreover, external factors such as the patients’ needs and acceptance/perception, the lack of collaboration, and the opinion of other healthcare professionals also influence the implementation of new services [ 8 , 10 , 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation study of an interprofessional medication adherence program for HIV patients in Switzerland: quantitative and qualitative implementation results

Lelubre

Clerc

Grosjean

et al. 2018

BMC Health Serv Res

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BackgroundAn interprofessional medication adherence program (IMAP) for chronic patients was developed and successfully implemented in the community pharmacy of the Department of ambulatory care and community medicine (Lausanne, Switzerland). This study assesses the capacity of a physician and a nurse at the infectious diseases service of a public hospital and of community pharmacists in the Neuchâtel area (Switzerland) to implement the IMAP in their practice.MethodsMixed method, prospective, observational study. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of the implementation process were conducted following the RE-AIM model (reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation and maintenance).ResultsImplementation started in November 2014. One physician, one nurse, and five pharmacists agreed to participate. Healthcare professionals perceived the benefits of the program and were motivated to implement it in their practice (adoption). Seventeen patients were included in the program; 13 refused to participate. The inclusion of naïve HIV patients was easier than the inclusion of experienced patients with difficult psychosocial issues (reach). Pharmacists were engaged in reinforcing patient medication adherence in 25% of interviews (effectiveness). Key facilitators expressed by healthcare professionals were patient inclusion by the physician and the nurse instead of the pharmacist and the organisation of regular meetings between all stakeholders. In contrast, the encountered barriers were the lack of time and resources, the lack of team uptake, and the lack of adoption by senior managers (implementation). Interviewed patients were all satisfied with this new program, encouraging healthcare professionals to scale it up. Structural changes allowed the hospital and one pharmacy to enter the maintenance stage (maintenance).ConclusionThe research team and collaboration between all professionals involved played an important role in this implementation. However, the dissemination of such a program to a larger scale and for the long term requires financial and structural resources as well as transitional external support.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12913-018-3641-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…These are emerging professional research areas41 that are currently receiving attention in pharmacy profession in the 21 st century. Effective conduct of research in these emerging areas will not only require access to large volume of data on patients, but will also involve collaboration with other healthcare providers especially physician.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The top research areas of interest for PPBR as suggested by substantial number of participants include pharmaceutical care (PC), medication therapy management (MTM) and pharmacovigilance (PV). These are emerging professional research areas 41 that are currently receiving attention in pharmacy profession in the 21 st century. Effective conduct of research in these emerging areas will not only require access to large volume of data on patients, but will also involve collaboration with other healthcare providers especially physician.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hospital and community pharmacists’ perception of the scope, barriers and challenges of pharmacy practice-based research in Nigeria

Fakeye¹,

Adisa²,

Olukotun³

et al. 2017

Pharm Pract (Granada)

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Objectives:To evaluate perception, extent of involvement and barriers to pharmacy practice-based research among community and hospital pharmacists in Ibadan, Oyo state, southwestern Nigeria.Methods:A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out among 65 hospital and 86 community pharmacists with at least five-year post-qualification experience, using pre-tested questionnaire. Socio-demographic information, extent of involvement, relevance and scope, as well as barriers to pharmacy practice-based research were explored. Data were summarised using descriptive statistics. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney-U tests were used for evaluating ranked variables at p<0.05.Results:Nearly all participants (>95.0%) in each practice category agreed that pharmacy practice-based research is essential to pharmacy profession. Greater than 90.0% agreed that pharmacy practice-based research may help in identifying gaps to improve practice. Thirty-five (40.7%) community and 36(55.4%) hospital pharmacist participants had previously involved in practice-based research. Seventy-seven (89.5%) community and 55(84.3%) hospital pharmacists agreed that acquisition of additional research-oriented training is essential for effective conduct of pharmacy practice-based research. More than one-half in each category agreed that inadequate financial commitment and lack of access to patient’s data are major barriers to pharmacy practice-based research.Conclusions:Community and hospital pharmacists agreed that pharmacy practice based research is essential to pharmacy profession, especially in identifying areas of focus to improve practice. Necessity for acquiring additional training in research, financial constraints and lack of access to patient’s data were identified as barriers to pharmacy practice-based research. Thus, there is a need to continually stimulate pharmacists’ interest in research so as to enhance professional competence and promote healthcare development.

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Barriers to implementation of pharmaceutical care by pharmacists in Nsukka and Enugu metropolis of Enugu State

Cited by 24 publications

References 4 publications

Limitations to the dynamics of pharmaceutical care practice among community pharmacists in Enugu urban, southeast Nigeria

Limitations to the dynamics of pharmaceutical care practice among community pharmacists in Enugu urban, southeast Nigeria

Implementation study of an interprofessional medication adherence program for HIV patients in Switzerland: quantitative and qualitative implementation results

Hospital and community pharmacists’ perception of the scope, barriers and challenges of pharmacy practice-based research in Nigeria

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