Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is the key public health concern particularly in sub-Saharan Africa including Kenya. Consistent condom use is crucial especially among HIV positive people to prevent HIV transmission as well as re-infection with different resistant virus strain. It is important to identify the obstacles of condom use among HIV positive individuals in order to constitute preventive measures. Thus, the study was conducted to explore barriers and challenges of condom use among women living with HIV attending Comprehensive Care Centre of Thika Level 5 Hospital, Kenya. We conducted qualitative method of data collection using three focus group discussions and ten key informant interviews. Purposive sampling was used to select participants. Descriptive quotes representing key themes were identified and then analysed thematically. The result indicated that the main barriers of condom use were inability to negotiate in condom use, fear of mistrust, nondisclosure of HIV positive status to partner, alcohol use, and reduced sexual pleasure. In addition, among the negative beliefs and misconceptions identified as barriers of condom use were feeling promiscuous for carrying condoms, religion (being Catholic) and perceived pores in condoms. HIV positive women face many challenges in using condoms and the specific areas of focus should include the barriers mentioned above.Citation: Macharia AG, Kombe Y, Mwaniki P, Habtu M (2017)
Sample size and techniqueThree FGDs and ten KIIs were conducted. Each FGD was consisted of 8 participants. The twenty (24) participants for the FGDs and ten (10) for the KIIs were selected purposively. Purposive sampling is a non-probability sampling method also known as 'judgmental sampling' that is used to select participants based on the researchers personal judgment about which ones will be most representative or informative.
Focus group discussions (FGDs)An FGD guide was developed and it was mainly concerned about perceptions and use of condoms among HIV positive women. The discussions were conducted by the principal investigator, who acted as the moderator and a second person to record (both females). A tape recorder was used to capture all data from the groups. Participants were selected based on age (18-24 years, 25-32 years and 33-49 years). The discussions were conducted in the counseling room in the CCC clinic which offered a quiet and conducive environment. A written informed consent was obtained from each participant.
Key informant interviews (KIIs)Key informant interviews (KIIs) were used to gather data on experiences with condom use. It was developed to guide the interviews. This approach was useful to capture insights that would otherwise be difficult to voice in gatherings of people (FGDs). Ten participants were selected based on age and female sex. The interviews were conducted by the researcher at the same venue as FGDs. After written informed consent was obtained, a voice recorder was used to collect the data.
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