Barriers in Implementation of Wastewater Reuse: Identifying the Way Forward in Closing the Loop

Morris, Jonathan; Georgiou, Isabella; Guenther, Edeltraud; Caucci, Serena

doi:10.1007/s43615-021-00018-z

Cited by 47 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…On the other side of the scale, less than one in two households are connected to at least secondary urban sewage treatment facilities in Cyprus, Malta, Romania, and Croatia (all 2018 data). Over the period shown, some countries have succeeded in significantly expanding the scope of wastewater treatment; for instance, Hungary (29.8 to 80.4%) and Slovenia (12.3 to 68.9%) [ 11 ].…”

Section: Main Bodymentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting the overlooked role of recycled sewage water in high-income countries in adenoviral outbreaks such as the “2022 pediatric hepatitis’ outbreak”

AbdelMassih

Kamel

Zaki³

et al. 2022

Egypt Pediatric Association Gaz

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Background On the 5th of April 2022, cases of adenovirus-induced hepatitis were reported in Scotland and then reached multiple parts of the world. While adenovirus normally presents with diarrhea, vomiting, and fever, these novel cases also resulted in the development of fulminant hepatitis in non-immunocompromised cases. Main body The responsible pathogen “Adenovirus 41” is an enterovirus. Enteroviruses are spread by the fecal-oral route and are resistant to drying. As such, they predominate in sewage water. Hepatitis is normally restricted to poorer countries, yet this new wave seems to be confined to mostly high-income countries in Europe and the USA. These countries treat and recycle a higher percentage of sewage water. We also propose that the fulminant nature of this strain could be due to either a cross-species mutation or the general decrease in trained immunity post-COVID-19 lockdown. Short conclusion Evidence strongly suggests that the link between these new hepatitis cases is recycled sewage water. This should warrant further investigations on the origin of this outbreak by re-visiting the role of recycled sewage water in causing such outbreak.

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Section: Main Bodymentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting the overlooked role of recycled sewage water in high-income countries in adenoviral outbreaks such as the “2022 pediatric hepatitis’ outbreak”

AbdelMassih

Kamel

Zaki³

et al. 2022

Egypt Pediatric Association Gaz

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“…Thus, in the water sector, when we talk about reclaimed water, we are referring to the price that users (companies) currently pay for the use of conventional water. In this sense, it is possible to distinguish different qualities of reclaimed water that can be used by companies in order to adapt the quality of the water to the final use [29]. This method can be very useful because the demand for the two kinds of goods (fresh water and reclaimed water) will be considered together, i.e., users can exchange one resource for the other if there is an economic advantage.…”

Section: Proposed Tariffmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Tariff Model for Reclaimed Water in Industrial Sectors: An Opportunity from the Circular Economy

Hernández-Chover

Castellet-Viciano

Hernández-Sancho

2022

Water

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The growth of the world’s population is associated with an increase in demand for water. The consequences of this increase are twofold: On the one hand, it endangers the water balance of the ecosystem, and on the other hand, it considerably increases the volume of wastewater generated. In this sense, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) play a fundamental role since their objective is to guarantee the quality of the effluents discharged into the environment. Moreover, current treatment systems allow for the subsequent use of the effluent. Thus, the wastewater treatment sector can be seen as an unconventional source of water, acquiring a special importance in the framework of the circular economy. In this context, water reclamation and reuse are identified as key components of water resource management. However, the economic aspects, in terms of tariff design and cost recovery, represent a major barrier to incentivizing its use. In this paper, the authors analyze these aspects and propose a tariff that combines the cost recovery, an incentive to use reclaimed water and other relevant aspects that guarantee the success of water reuse projects. With this objective, three industrial sectors are evaluated. For the first sector, the user industries would achieve a saving of approximately 10% by changing the consumption of conventional water to reclaimed water; in the second sector, they would achieve a saving of 18% and in the third sector a saving of approximately 16%. In addition to guaranteeing sustainability in the consumption of reclaimed water in industry, the viability of the supplying company is ensured. This research offers valuable results that will be useful for establishing future strategies aimed at encouraging the use of reclaimed water in industrial environments.

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“…However, the situation is not clear-cut. Morris et al [22] draw attention to the barriers related to the PESTEL analysis including political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal issues. His review of scientific publications shows that the main barriers relate to technology and socioeconomic aspects.…”

Section: Water Reuse In the Circular Economymentioning

confidence: 99%

Considerations Related to the Application of the EU Water Reuse Regulation to the Production of Snow from Reclaimed Water

Ramm¹

2021

Circ.Econ.Sust.

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Recovering water from waste water is increasingly used. It is a part of the circular economy, enabling saving water resources. The EU regulation to use reclaimed water to irrigate crops regulates the principles of appropriate water quality preparation and indicates the possibilities of its use. An important element of the regulation is the obligation to carry out a risk assessment as the basic tool to ensure safety in the use of reclaimed water. One of the uses of reclaimed water on green areas could be ski resorts producing artificial snow. The solution to produce artificial snow from reclaimed water is still not popular. No case realized in Europe could be found, although attempts were made in the Alps to implement such projects. Australia and the USA have the most experience. Despite the positive aspect of water recovery, there are questions about the impact of snow produced in this way on the environment and the safety of users. The first project to produce artificial snow using reclaimed water appeared in Polish ski resort Kasina. Its purpose is to feed the snow guns with water coming from the local waste water treatment plant. The quality parameters of water recovered as a result of MBR technology indicate that it meets the legal requirements; however, the plant operator did not receive a water permit. The solution may be to conduct a reliable risk assessment for this local solution.

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Barriers in Implementation of Wastewater Reuse: Identifying the Way Forward in Closing the Loop

Cited by 47 publications

References 67 publications

Revisiting the overlooked role of recycled sewage water in high-income countries in adenoviral outbreaks such as the “2022 pediatric hepatitis’ outbreak”

Revisiting the overlooked role of recycled sewage water in high-income countries in adenoviral outbreaks such as the “2022 pediatric hepatitis’ outbreak”

A Tariff Model for Reclaimed Water in Industrial Sectors: An Opportunity from the Circular Economy

Considerations Related to the Application of the EU Water Reuse Regulation to the Production of Snow from Reclaimed Water

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