Barriers and opportunities for cleanliness of shared sanitation facilities in low-income settlements in Kenya

Simiyu, Sheillah; Kweyu, Raphael; Antwi-Agyei, Prince; Adjei, Kwaku Amaning

doi:10.1186/s12889-020-09768-1

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(32 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Tenants generally were responsible for cleaning the toilets. This finding is consistent with other studies on cleaning arrangements for shared sanitation [ 37 , 38 ]. In more than half (57%) of compound houses in Ghana, all tenants were involved in cleaning the toilets while in less than half (44%) of compounds in Kenya, all tenants were involved in cleaning the toilets ( Table 3 ).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Similar to earlier studies [ 37 , 38 ], this study found that more compound houses have live-in landlords in Ghana than in Kenya and this could partly explain why reported cleaning frequencies of the sanitation facilities are higher than in Kenya. Shared sanitation facilities in Ghana were comparatively cleaner than those in Kenya.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The total quality of the sanitation facilities was also determined based on three main factors: hygiene; privacy, and accessibility. These factors were selected based on desirable qualities of shared sanitation by users reported in literature [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ] and similar studies conducted earlier [ 41 , 42 ]. Under each of these factors, a set of indicators was used to calculate the score for the specific factor (see Supplementary Materials Table S1 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Shared but Clean Household Toilets: What Makes This Possible? Evidence from Ghana and Kenya

Antwi-Agyei

Monney²,

Adjei

et al. 2022

IJERPH

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Shared sanitation facilities are not considered as basic sanitation owing to cleanliness and accessibility concerns. However, there is mounting evidence that some shared household toilets have a comparable level of service as private toilets. This study examined the factors that contribute to the quality of shared household toilets in low-income urban communities in Ghana and Kenya. The study design comprised household surveys and field inspections. Overall, 843 respondents were interviewed, and 838 household shared sanitation facilities were inspected. Cleanliness scores were computed from the facility inspections, while a total quality score was calculated based on 13 indicators comprising hygiene, privacy, and accessibility. Regression analyses were conducted to determine predictors of cleanliness and the overall quality of the shared sanitation facilities. More than four out of five (84%) shared toilets in Ghana (N = 404) were clean, while in Kenya (N = 434), nearly a third (32%) were clean. Flush/pour-flush toilets were six times (p < 0.01 aOR = 5.64) more likely to be clean. A functional outside door lock on a toilet facility and the presence of live-in landlords led to a threefold increase (p < 0.01 aOR = 2.71) and a twofold increase (p < 0.01 aOR = 1.92), respectively in the odds of shared sanitation cleanliness. Sanitation facilities shared by at most five households (95% CI: 6–7) were generally clean. High-quality shared toilets had live-in landlords, functional door locks, and were water-dependent. Further studies on innovative approaches to maintaining the quality of these high-quality shared toilets are needed to make them eligible for classification as basic sanitation considering the increasing reliance on the facilities.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Shared but Clean Household Toilets: What Makes This Possible? Evidence from Ghana and Kenya

Antwi-Agyei

Monney²,

Adjei

et al. 2022

IJERPH

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In contrast, in urban areas <24% of the population has access to hand hygiene facilities. 12 , 15 This study found the prevalence of reported hand washing with water to be high (97%), while the prevalence of those who reported hand washing with soap and water was only 58%. This could be attributed to the health promotion activities that have been done by the Kenyan government on the importance of hand hygiene as a COVID-19 infection control measure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…The proportion of households sharing toilets/latrines in this study was higher than the Kenyan estimate of 44%. 15 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of water, sanitation and hygiene practices for prevention and control of COVID-19 in Kenya

Mwai

Nyole

Abdi

et al. 2021

International Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Safely managed water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services are an essential part of preventing and protecting human health during infectious disease outbreaks, including the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Additionally, adherence to COVID-19 measures, including washing hands using soap and proper waste disposal, no doubt can improve containment of the virus. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Kilifi and Mombasa Counties in Kenya. A total of 612 quantitative data were collected using a mobile data collection tool Open Data Kit. Parametric and non-parametric tests were used to examine factors associated with WASH practices and control of COVID-19 in Kenya. Results More than half of the respondents were from Kilifi, 431 (70.4%) were female and the mean age was 38.2±14.8 y. Households in Kilifi were most likely not to have enough water, while Mombasa households were more likely to pay for water. Sanitation coverage was 47.6%, with more than half sharing sanitation facilities. Sharing of latrines was significantly associated with county and income level. Accessing soap was worse compared with the month prior to the survey, only 3.9% had their garbage collected by formal service providers and only 17% reported wearing any protective gear while handling waste at home. Conclusions Water is disproportionately available in the two counties, with low sanitation coverage. There is low knowledge on hand washing and inadequate waste disposal services.

show abstract

Students' perceptions of the nature and magnitude of environmental health concerns in Mtwara town, Tanzania

Bishoge

Ajayi

Mfinanga

et al. 2022

Environmental Quality Mgmt

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The study aimed to critically assess secondary school students' perceptions of the nature and magnitude of environmental health problems in Mtwara town, Tanzania.A structured questionnaire was used to collect data, while descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages, mean, or standard deviation were applied to describe the basic characteristics of the data. Principal components analysis was used to examine the dominant modes of variation of functional data in environmental health concerns of Mtwara town. The students perceived the following seven environmental health issues that are urgent in Mtwara town: water supply and management, natural disasters, sanitation and hygiene, solid waste, air quality, climate change, and population concern.To ensure that generations live in a healthy and safe environment, one must consider creating environmentally conscious individuals. K E Y W O R D Sclimate change, environmental health, natural hazards, sanitation and hygiene, water supply and management INTRODUCTIONEnvironment and human health are closely intertwined. The fulfillment of the basic human rights to life, health, nutrition, housing, livelihood, and culture depends on the existence of a good environment (Springer et al., 2011). Furthermore, a decent environment depends on sustainable human activities such as agriculture, industry, mining, and fisheries. Therefore, protecting the environment and promoting human health in order to achieve sustainable development requires environmentally-friendly activities from everyone (Bishoge et al., 2022a). Factors hampering sustainable environmental management include rapid population growth, industrialization, high deployment of a variety of technologies, and intensive use of natural resources (Koné et al., 2019). This has led to an increase in environmental health (EH) issues such as pollution, climate change, disease-causing microbes, lack of access to healthcare, and poor water quality and infrastructure. These concerns have implications for human health and ecological systems, including increases in disease and organism death. In Africa, it is estimated that around 23% of the burden of disease and death are mainly contributed by the environmental factors such as air, food and water pollution, toxic chemicals, waste, disease vectors, safety hazards, and habitat changes (WHO, 2020). Africa experiences various EH issues, including sanitation and hygiene services, provision of safe drinking water, and inadequate water for other hygienic activities. Also, other EH risk factors, include soil and air pollution management, waste and chemical management, vector control, child EH and occupational health. These concerns are influenced by socio-economic, cultural, and political conditions. The African continent also faces a dual burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases (WHO, 2017). The communicable, non-communicable diseases and injuries are reported to contribute to high rates of burden and death in sub-Saharan Africa

show abstract

Barriers and opportunities for cleanliness of shared sanitation facilities in low-income settlements in Kenya

Cited by 14 publications

References 33 publications

Shared but Clean Household Toilets: What Makes This Possible? Evidence from Ghana and Kenya

Shared but Clean Household Toilets: What Makes This Possible? Evidence from Ghana and Kenya

Assessment of water, sanitation and hygiene practices for prevention and control of COVID-19 in Kenya

Students' perceptions of the nature and magnitude of environmental health concerns in Mtwara town, Tanzania

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About