Barrier membranes: More than the barrier effect?

Abstract

Aim To review the knowledge on the mechanisms controlling membrane–host interactions in guided bone regeneration ( GBR ) and investigate the possible role of GBR membranes as bioactive compartments in addition to their established role as barriers. Materials and Methods A narrative review was utilized based on in vitro , in vivo and available clinical studies on the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying GBR and the possible bioactive role of membranes. Results Emerging data demonstrate that the membrane contributes bioactively to the regeneration of underlying defects. The cellular and molecular activities in the membrane are intimately linked to the promoted bone regeneration in the underlying defect. Along with the native bioactivity of GBR membranes, incorporating growth factors and cells in membranes or with graft materials may augment the regenerative processes in underlying defects. Conclusion In parallel with its barrier function, the membrane plays an active role in hosting and modulating the molecular activities of the membrane‐associated cells during GBR . The biological events in the membrane are linked to the bone regenerative and remodelling processes in the underlying defect. Furthermore, the bone‐promoting environments in the two compartments can likely be boosted by strategies targeting both material aspects of the membrane and host tissue responses.

Management of the extraction socket and timing of implant placement: Consensus report and clinical recommendations of group 3 of the XV European Workshop in Periodontology

“…Based on strong pre‐clinical evidence (Haugen, Lyngstadaas, Rossi, & Perale, ; Donos, Dereka, & Calciolari, ; Omar, Elgali, Dahlin, & Thomsen, ), five different approaches that have been documented to a different degree in clinical studies are illustrated in Figure . The evidence pertains mostly to single tooth replacement, and thus, extrapolation to other scenarios may not apply.…”

Fabrication of PLLA/C3S Composite Membrane for the Prevention of Bone Cement Leakage

“…Finally, the original design of percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) has been developed as a treatment in which a gap was prepared in a fractured vertebral body using a balloon, followed by an injection of bone cement to restore the vertebral height, but the molecular mechanisms underlying such an effect long remained undetermined. For example, in previous histological observations, the PKP might evoke a local environment in the defect which might be conducive to the molecular mechanisms underlying coupled bone formation and bone remodeling during fracture healing via the recruitment and differentiation of multiple cell types, including osteoblasts and osteoclasts [45][46][47]. From this, the biological events in both the membrane and the underlying defect are important for bone regeneration and must be a key for a better design of this hybrid membrane made of PLLA and tricalcium silicate (C 3 S) to block cement egress during kyphoplasty procedures, which should be discussed in our future studies.…”

Novel non-resorbable polymeric-nanostructured scaffolds for guided bone regeneration

“…Four stages are used to successfully regenerate bone: I) primary closure of the wound to promote undisturbed and uninterrupted healing, II) angiogenesis to provide necessary blood supply and undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, III) space creation and maintenance to facilitate space for bone in-growth and IV) stability of the wound to induce blood clot formation and allow uneventful healing. Barrier membranes are used for guided bone regeneration procedures [1,2].…”