Barrier identification and analysis framework to the development of offshore wind-to-hydrogen projects

Wu, Yunna; Liu, Fangtong; Wu, Junhao; He, Jiaming; Xu, Minjia

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2021.122077

Cited by 32 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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Section: Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other hydrogen business model considerations are found in [21,22]. A barrier analysis conducted by [21] highlighted the immature business model for hydrogen production from wind power as a barrier for the Chinese hydrogen market, where the lack of domestic experience with the concept created dependency of international competency to fill the gap. Results from the demonstration project for a hydrogen economy in the south of Austria [22] concluded that the lack of experience of procuring hydrogen vehicles for public transport limited the uptake of hydrogen fuel cell buses in the near future.…”

Section: Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Business Model of an Emerging Hydrogen Market in the Swedish Transportation Sector – outlook towards 2050

Särnbratt,

Fransson,

Hansson

et al. 2023

ECS Trans.

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An improved understanding of the emerging business models for hydrogen applied in the transport sector is crucial to remove barriers for hydrogen uptake. The aim of this study is to create a characterisation of the current landscape for hydrogen road mobility in Sweden by mapping out the business model for hydrogen producers, hydrogen filling station owners and hydrogen vehicle manufacturers. This has been achieved by interviewing hydrogen market actors in the Swedish transport sector and through validation of the results in an expert elicitation. The main finding of the study is that the business model is still emerging and contains large uncertainties also about the viability of the business case. This is noticeable for example in the key partner section in the business model. Actors seek out partnerships and collaboration both horizontally and vertically along the hydrogen value chain, even with future competitors, to create a critical mass of supply and demand to enable the hydrogen market to take off. Additional value propositions and revenue streams, such as support services to the electrical grid and utilisation of residual products (excess heat and oxygen), are secondary in the business model today.

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Section: Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Business Model of an Emerging Hydrogen Market in the Swedish Transportation Sector – outlook towards 2050

Särnbratt,

Fransson,

Hansson

et al. 2023

ECS Trans.

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“…the temporal discoordination between the input and output flows to the gas network) [75] . However, operation of the network must occur within safety pressure boundaries, meaning that the size of the buffer has limits (and regions), thus requiring intra-day balancing actions to keep networks functional 16 There is no specific balancing period in this scheme. The imbalances are corrected when the magnitude of the imbalance reaches a certain predefined level [76] .…”

Section: C12 Operation Of Gaseous Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benefits of an Integrated Power and Hydrogen Offshore Grid in a Net-Zero North Sea Energy System

Martínez-Gordón¹,

Gusatu²,

Morales-España³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The North Sea Offshore Grid concept has been envisioned as a promising alternative to: 1) ease the integration of offshore wind and onshore energy systems, and 2) increase the cross-border capacity between the North Sea region countries at low cost. In this paper we explore the techno-economic benefits of the North Sea Offshore Grid using two case studies: a power-based offshore grid, where only investments in power assets are allowed (i.e. offshore wind, HVDC/HVAC interconnectors); and a power-and-hydrogen offshore grid, where investments in offshore hydrogen assets are also permitted (i.e. offshore electrolysers, new hydrogen pipelines and retrofitted natural gas pipelines). We compare these scenario results with a business as usual scenario, in which offshore wind is connected radially to the shore and no offshore grid is deployed. All scenarios are run with the IESA-NS model, without any specific technology ban and under open optimization. This paper also presents a novel methodology, combining Geographic Information Systems and Energy System Models, to cluster offshore spatial data and define meaningful offshore regions and offshore hub locations. This novel methodology is applied to the North Sea region to define nine offshore clusters taking into account offshore spatial claims, and identifying suitable areas for single-use and multi-use of space for renewable energy purposes. The scenario results show that the deployment of an offshore grid provides relevant cost savings, ranging from 1% to 4.1% of relative cost decrease (2.3 bn € to 8.7 bn €) in the power-based, and ranging from 2.8% to 7% of relative cost decrease (6 bn € to 14.9 bn €) in the power-and-hydrogen based. In the most extreme scenario (H2) an offshore grid permits to integrate 283 GW of HVDC connected offshore wind and 196 GW of HVDC meshed interconnectors. Even in the most conservative scenario (P1) the offshore grid integrates 59 GW of HVDC connected offshore wind capacity and 92 GW of HVDC meshed interconnectors. When allowed, the deployment of offshore electrolysis is considerable, ranging from 61 GW to 96 GW, with capacity factors of around 30%. Finally, we also find that, when imported hydrogen is available at 2 €/kg (including production and transport costs), large investments in an offshore grid are not optimal anymore. In contrast, at import costs over 4 €/kg imported hydrogen is not competitive.

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“…Given the need of 75 GW operating offshore wind capacity for the UK to reach net-zero carbon emissions in 2050 [9], the co-development of offshore wind and hydrogen can facilitate the integration of future high-level renewable energy into the energy systems. However, this poses many technical and commercial challenges [10] including but not limited to the integration of electrolysers (and fuel cells) within offshore wind farm infrastructures, the optimal system operation under varying offshore use case scenarios, and the ideal location/capacity of an offshore wind hydrogen system that can make the best business case for pilot and future projects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Co-development of Offshore Wind and Hydrogen in the UK – A Case Study of Milford Haven South Wales

Fan

Nwobu

Campos‐Gaona

2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Green hydrogen produced from renewable energy resources can not only contribute to the decarbonisation of different energy sectors, but also serve as a carrier for long-distance delivery of renewable generation, offering a cost-effective way to exploit the renewables far from electrical grids. To facilitate the co-development of offshore wind and hydrogen, the paper develops a modelling framework to dispatch power and hydrogen flows across dedicated offshore wind hydrogen production systems to meet onshore hydrogen demands while keeping similar state of charge levels between multiple systems. Then the hydrogen supply to shore and the system investments and ongoing costs are discounted to their present values to calculate the levelised cost of hydrogen, which is minimised by the particle swarm optimsiation algorithm to suggest the best capacities of hydrogen system components including converters, desalination devices, electrolysers, compressors and storage assets. The proposed modelling framework is tested based on a case study at Milford Haven South Wales which is evaluated to have massive offshore wind resources in the Celtic Sea and comparable demands for hydrogen by 2040. The optimisation results are presented based on the techno-economic input parameters projected for 2030 and 2050 scenarios and discussed alongside the influences of technology advances on the system optimisation and resulting metrics including the levelised costs of hydrogen, net present values and potential levels of green hydrogen supply to Milford Haven.

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Barrier identification and analysis framework to the development of offshore wind-to-hydrogen projects

Cited by 32 publications

References 76 publications

The Business Model of an Emerging Hydrogen Market in the Swedish Transportation Sector – outlook towards 2050

The Business Model of an Emerging Hydrogen Market in the Swedish Transportation Sector – outlook towards 2050

Benefits of an Integrated Power and Hydrogen Offshore Grid in a Net-Zero North Sea Energy System

The Co-development of Offshore Wind and Hydrogen in the UK – A Case Study of Milford Haven South Wales

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