Barrier effects of international borders on fixed link traffic generation: the case of Øresundsbron

Transit Oriented Development in Copenhagen, Denmark: from the Finger Plan to Ørestad

“…Regional trains and the motorway connect Copenhagen and Ørestad with Copenhagen Airport and on to Malmö in southern Sweden via the Øresund Fixed Link (Fig 3) (Knowles, 2006b;Knowles and Matthiessen, 2009). The Bella Center Metro station to the north of Ørestad City serves the pre-existing Bella Center convention and conference venue and the 814 room Bella Sky Comwell hotel, which opened in September 2010, to the west of the Metro line and the new residential development to the east (BY&HAVN, 2011).…”

Are rail charges connected to costs?

“…The reason of these bridge tariffs for being so high lies on the large annual fee that Banedanmark pays to the Fixed Link companies (Knowles and Matthiessen, 2009). Furthermore, two countries, Switzerland and the United Kingdom, attain a level of cost recovery similar to Italy (in line with their MC+ pricing principle); Switzerland slightly higher, via mark-ups (contribution margin), and the United Kingdom slightly lower, via reservation charges.…”

Transport geography and new European realities: a critique

“…On the other hand, the ideals of European integration and EU cohesion have long demanded the ever-freer and lower-cost movement of people, goods and services, through such explicit acts as the Schengen Agreement, 'open skies' policies, and major national and international transport infrastructure projects (e.g. see Jürgensen and Aldrup, 1968;Whitelegg, 1988;Banister et al, 1995;EU, 1996;Matthiessen, 2000;Knowles, 2006;Jensen and Richardson, 2004;Stevens, 2004;Knowles and Matthiessen, 2009). The EU also explicitly subsidises the motor vehicle industry, as witnessed in its response to economic crisis in 2008 when the European Investment Bank provided a financial aid package for European car manufacturers in an attempt to halt job losses and company collapse (Webb, 2008).…”