Barrett’s esophagus and esophageal cancer: Links to microbes and the microbiome

Ajayi, Teminioluwa; Cantrell, Sarah; Spann, Ashley; Garman, Katherine S.

doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1007384

Cited by 29 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…Microbiome: Microbiome is a rapidly advancing research topic in BE and EAC [46][47][48]. Some researchers believe that microbiome is a key factor in the pathological process of BE, while others hold the opposite opinion [48,49].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Meta-Analysis of the Impact of Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, Insulin Resistance, and Microbiome on the Diagnosis of Barrett’s Esophagus

Jia

Cheng

Chang

et al. 2019

Dig Dis

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Background and Aim: The etiology and pathogenesis of Barrett's esophagus (BE) have been widely studied during recent decades. However, the association between BE and possible risk factors, including abdominal obesity (AO), metabolic syndrome (MetS), insulin resistance (IR), and the microbiome has not reached a consensus and lacks a systematic assessment. The purpose of our study is to evaluate, quantify, and summarize the association between these factors and BE risk. Methods: A systematic search of Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases was performed to identify relevant studies before September 2018. Studies were estimated with the OR, the weighted mean difference (WMD), and the 95% CI by using a random effects model. Subgroup analysis and publication bias were also performed. Results: A total of 46 citations were included in the analysis, and 119,273 subjects were analyzed (AO 13, MetS 15, IR 9, and microbiome: 9). The pooled results showed that AO (p < 0.01, OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.11-1.52, I 2 = 31.9%), MetS (p < 0.01, OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.40-2.01, I 2 = 87.6%), and IR (p < 0.01, WMD 0.23, 95% CI 0.11-0.35, I 2 = 55.8%) were all significantly associated with an increased risk of BE, but except for the mi-crobiome (p > 0.05, OR 1.27, 95% CI 0.66-2.43, I 2 = 46.7%). In addition, subgroup analyses were stratified by waist-to-hip ratio, waist circumference, body mass index, diagnosis criteria, strain type, geographical region, and study design, respectively. Moreover, we observed no evidence of publication bias in Egger's and Begg's tests. Conclusions: Our study reveals that AO, MetS, and IR are significantly associated with BE risk, except for the microbiome. The mechanism of BE induced by 3 risk factors should be further explored.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Meta-Analysis of the Impact of Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, Insulin Resistance, and Microbiome on the Diagnosis of Barrett’s Esophagus

Jia

Cheng

Chang

et al. 2019

Dig Dis

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“…Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a clinical condition where the esophagus is chronically exposed to acid, bile, and other stomach contents. GERD induces inflammation of the esophageal squamous epithelium and is generally thought to be the major cause of Barrett's esophagus (BE), a premalignant metaplasia of the squamous epithelium that could lead to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) [48, 50–52]. Most autochthonic esophageal microbiota is non-culturable, so that the culture-based methods are prone to underestimate the complexity of these inhabitant commensals [47, 53].…”

Section: Esophagusmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cancer Microbiota: EMT and Inflammation as Shared Molecular Mechanisms Associated with Plasticity and Progression

Vergara

Simeone

D’Amato

et al. 2019

Journal of Oncology

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With the advent of novel molecular platforms for high-throughput/next-generation sequencing, the communities of commensal and pathogenic microorganisms that inhabit the human body have been defined in depth. In the last decade, the role of microbiota-host interactions in driving human cancer plasticity and malignant progression has been well documented. Germ-free preclinical models provided an invaluable tool to demonstrate that the human microbiota can confer susceptibility to various types of cancer and can also modulate the host response to therapeutic treatments. Of interest, besides the detrimental effects of dysbiosis on cancer etiopathogenesis, specific microorganisms have been shown to exert protective activities against cancer growth. This has strong clinical implications, as restoration of the physiologic microbiota is being rapidly implemented as a novel anticancer therapeutic strategy. Here, we reviewed past and recent literature depicting the role of microbiota-host interactions in modulating key molecular mechanisms that drive human cancer plasticity and lead to malignant progression. We analyzed microbiota-host interactions occurring in the gut as well as in other anatomic sites, such as oral and nasal cavities, lungs, breast, esophagus, stomach, reproductive tract, and skin. We revealed a common ground of biological alterations and pathways modulated by a dysbiotic microbiota and potentially involved in the control of cancer progression. The molecular mechanisms most frequently affected by the pathogenic microorganisms to induce malignant progression involve epithelial-mesenchymal transition- (EMT-) dependent barrier alterations and tumor-promoting inflammation. This evidence may pave the way to better stratify high-risk cancer patients based on unique microenvironmental/microbial signatures and to develop novel, personalized, biological therapies.

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“…Deshpande et al (2018) conducted the most comprehensive assessment of the esophageal microbiome, finding that bacterial signatures and functions were closely related with the early stages of the EC cascade, such as enrichment with Gram-negative oralassociated bacteria (Deshpande et al, 2018). Existing studies prove that changes in the composition and function of the oral microbiota are involved in esophageal diseases like reflux esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus (BE), and EC (Cao, 2017;Ajayi et al, 2018;Corning et al, 2018;May and Abrams, 2018). Given that saliva samples are easy to collect, and high-throughput nextgeneration sequencing is widely used in detecting, identifying, and classifying microorganism (Sanschagrin and Yergeau, 2014;Xun et al, 2018), we conducted a case-control study to analyze the differences of oral microbiota in the composition of EC patients, intending to help developing new, non-invasive, and effective detections for early EC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations of Oral Microbiota in Chinese Patients With Esophageal Cancer

Zhao

Yang

Yan

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Emerging evidence supports that oral microbiota are associated with health and diseases of the esophagus. How oral microbiota change in Chinese patients with esophageal cancer (EC) is unknown, neither is their biomarker role. For an objective to understand alterations of oral microbiota in Chinese EC patients, we conducted a case-control study including saliva samples from 39 EC patients and 51 healthy volunteers. 16S rDNA genes of V3-V4 variable regions were sequenced to identify taxon. Relationship between oral flora and disease was analyzed according to alpha diversity and beta diversity. Resultantly, the Shannon index (p = 0.2) and the Simpson diversity index (p = 0.071) were not significant between the two groups. Yet we still found several species different in abundance between the two groups. For the EC group, the most significantly increased taxa were Firmicutes, Negativicutes, Selenomonadales, Prevotellaceae, Prevotella, and Veillonellaceae, while the most significantly decreased taxa were Proteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Neisseriales, Neisseriaceae, and Neisseria. In conclusion, there are significant alterations in abundance of some oral microbiomes between the EC patients and the healthy controls in the studied Chinese participants, which may be meaningful for predicting the development of EC, and the potential roles of these species in EC development deserve further studies.

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Barrett’s esophagus and esophageal cancer: Links to microbes and the microbiome

Cited by 29 publications

References 39 publications

A Meta-Analysis of the Impact of Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, Insulin Resistance, and Microbiome on the Diagnosis of Barrett’s Esophagus

A Meta-Analysis of the Impact of Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, Insulin Resistance, and Microbiome on the Diagnosis of Barrett’s Esophagus

The Cancer Microbiota: EMT and Inflammation as Shared Molecular Mechanisms Associated with Plasticity and Progression

Alterations of Oral Microbiota in Chinese Patients With Esophageal Cancer

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