Barreras para la implementación del Método Mamá Canguro

Abstract

Objetivo: Analizar y discutir las barreras de implementación del Método Mamá Canguro en un hospital del seguro social de Lima, Perú. Material y Métodos. Estudio cualitativo con diseño etnográfico realizado entre los meses de octubre 2019 y enero 2020. Observación y entrevistas a profundidad fueron las herramientas de recojo de información empleadas con madres, familiares y personal de salud (PS). Se entrevistaron a diez madres y ocho miembros del personal de salud de un hospital de la seguridad social en Lima, Perú. Resultados: Las barreras para la aplicación del método mamá canguro más resaltantes fueron las vinculadas al trato humano y al conocimiento del método por parte del personal de salud. De parte de las madres canguro son los aspectos económicos y familiares los que influyen negativamente en el involucramiento del método mamá canguro. Conclusiones: A pesar de la limitación de recursos hospitalarios, las madres manifestaron que llevar a cabo el método mamá canguro se dificulta principalmente por la débil relación con algunos miembros del personal de salud. Es importante invertir, como prioridad, en el capital humano involucrado para contribuir al traslado sostenible y efectivo del cuidado del bebé prematuro a un nivel domiciliario.

Cultural Care Practices Provided at Home by the Zenú Indigenous Mothers to their Premature Children and to Those with Low Birth Weight

“…Although the mothers indicate that the experience of homecare is different by virtue of these adaptations, no negative feelings or inability to care for newborns are generated, which can be determined by accompaniment from other members of the family group; an aspect described by other authors as a positive factor in caring for the premature child at home. (17)(18) Additionally, there is the satisfaction of having their children at home, as identified by Osorio et al (19) These practices agree with the knowledge the mothers acquire during the KMM training KMM indicated by Abanto et al, ((16) in which -with a higher level of knowledge of homecare in the dimensions of security, protection, comfort, and feeding -said mothers will conduct better practices on their newborns, also contrasting with that reported by others, like Castiblanco, (20) with respect to basic care of premature newborns, recognizing warning signs, administration of medications, vaccine applications, and follow up of medical and nursing indications, as a distinctive feature of maternal basic care and as measures to provide comfort and protection to premature children, (21) reflecting among the participants on the conservation and control of the environment, maintenance of body heat, application of hygiene measures, baths, and their adjustments for the protection of the newborns. Further, it accounts for other experiences of the indigenous in hospital to satisfy their basic needs and overcome their limitations through adaptation and learning (22) This synergy between knowledge acquired during KMM training and traditional knowledge, such as adjustments in feeding the mother to stimulate maternal breastfeeding and prevent diseases in the newborn, guides the care of the dyad and tributes positively on the child's and mother's health.…”