Baroreceptor activity impacts upon controlled but not automatic distractor processing

Pramme, Lisa; Schächinger, Hartmut; Frings, Christian

doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2015.06.006

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…Thus, together these studies show that cardiac cycle effects on the expression of implicit racial bias is not the same across all social stereotypes (see Supplementary Note 1 for a statistical comparison between Study 1 and Study 3). Importantly, the fact that primes in Study 3 induced a robust behavioural bias confirms that the results reported in Studies 1 and 2 do not reflect a general baroreceptor effect over pure perceptual or inhibitory processes3738 but instead depend on the contextual and semantic content of the activated associations.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

“…Another possible parallel mechanism relates to the known inhibitory effect of cardiovascular baroreceptor firing on activity within higher order cortical regions including dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, via influences on thalamocortical gating, reducing the ability to inhibit prepotent responses38. The implication would be that baroreceptor activity would increase the expression of racial stereotypes by compromising the ability to overcome undesirable automatic responses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The experimental approach used here compares relative contributions of the central representation of cardiovascular arousal in the processing of certain social stimuli by tapping into the extremes of ongoing fluctuations of baroreceptor activity which co-vary with the cardiac cycle. Past research on cardiac timing argues for the relative nature of baroreceptor effects (for example, refs 26, 38), that is, a relative enhancement of fear processing at systole and an inhibition at diastole26. Garfinkel et al 26.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cardiac afferent activity modulates the expression of racial stereotypes

et al. 2017

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Negative racial stereotypes tend to associate Black people with threat. This often leads to the misidentification of harmless objects as weapons held by a Black individual. Yet, little is known about how bodily states impact the expression of racial stereotyping. By tapping into the phasic activation of arterial baroreceptors, known to be associated with changes in the neural processing of fearful stimuli, we show activation of race-threat stereotypes synchronized with the cardiovascular cycle. Across two established tasks, stimuli depicting Black or White individuals were presented to coincide with either the cardiac systole or diastole. Results show increased race-driven misidentification of weapons during systole, when baroreceptor afferent firing is maximal, relative to diastole. Importantly, a third study examining the positive Black-athletic stereotypical association fails to demonstrate similar modulations by cardiac cycle. We identify a body–brain interaction wherein interoceptive cues can modulate threat appraisal and racially biased behaviour in context-dependent ways.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cardiac afferent activity modulates the expression of racial stereotypes

et al. 2017

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“…However, a second nonexclusive hypothesis is invoked by the authors, related to the inhibitory effect of cardiovascular baroreceptor firing on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Pramme, Schaechinger, & Frings, ). The phasic deactivation of these regions could hinder the ability to inhibit the prepotent response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The heart of cognitive control: Cardiac phase modulates processing speed and inhibition

et al. 2019

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Bodily states are heavily intertwined with cognitive processes. A prominent communication channel between bodily signals and brain structures is provided by baroreceptors. Their phasic activity associated with the cardiac phase has been shown to modulate cognitive control in socio‐emotional contexts. However, whether this effect is specific to the affective dimension or impacts general cognitive control processes remains controversial. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of cardiac phase on different facets of cognitive control. We built a nonemotional cognitive control task to delineate mechanisms such as processing speed, response selection, response inhibition, and conflict monitoring. We showed that the systole (after the blood is ejected from the heart), compared to the diastole, was related to faster responses. Moreover, the cardiac phase dynamics also impacted response inhibition, with an increased probability of failure toward the middle of the course of systole. Although the reported effects were small in terms of magnitude, they highlight the influence of bodily states on abstract cognitive processes.

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“…3,4 The baroreflex system consists in receptors located in the carotid arteries and aorta, which are sensitive to BP changes. 5 When there is an elevation in BP, baroreceptors send a signal to the nucleus of the solitary tract, which, in turn, excites the caudal ventrolateral medulla, inhibiting the premotor neurons of the rostral ventrolateral medulla, thus decreasing the cardiac contractility and consequently the BP. However, when there is a decrease in BP, baroreceptors increase sympathetic activity by decreasing the transmission of inhibitory signals to the pressure-regulating center.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Physical Resistance Training on Baroreflex Sensitivity of Hypertensive Rats

Gomes¹,

Borges²,

Rossi³

et al. 2017

Arquivos Brasileiros De Cardiologia

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Background:Baroreceptors act as regulators of blood pressure (BP); however, its sensitivity is impaired in hypertensive patients. Among the recommendations for BP reduction, exercise training has become an important adjuvant therapy in this population. However, there are many doubts about the effects of resistance exercise training in this population.Objective:To evaluate the effect of resistance exercise training on BP and baroreceptor sensitivity in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).Method:Rats SHR (n = 16) and Wistar (n = 16) at 8 weeks of age, at the beginning of the experiment, were randomly divided into 4 groups: sedentary control (CS, n = 8); trained control (CT, n = 8); sedentary SHR (HS, n = 8) and trained SHR (HT, n = 8). Resistance exercise training was performed in a stairmaster-type equipment (1.1 × 0.18 m, 2 cm between the steps, 80° incline) with weights attached to their tails, (5 days/week, 8 weeks). Baroreceptor reflex control of heart rate (HR) was tested by loading/unloading of baroreceptors with phenylephrine and sodium nitroprusside.Results:Resistance exercise training increased the soleus muscle mass in SHR when compared to HS (HS 0.027 ± 0.002 g/mm and HT 0.056 ± 0.003 g/mm). Resistance exercise training did not alter BP. On the other hand, in relation to baroreflex sensitivity, bradycardic response was improved in the TH group when compared to HS (HS -1.3 ± 0.1 bpm/mmHg and HT -2.6 ± 0.2 bpm/mmHg) although tachycardia response was not altered by resistance exercise (CS -3.3 ± 0.2 bpm/mmHg, CT -3.3 ± 0.1 bpm/mmHg, HS -1.47 ± 0.06 bpm/mmHg and HT -1.6 ± 0.1 bpm/mmHg).Conclusion:Resistance exercise training was able to promote improvements on baroreflex sensitivity of SHR rats, through the improvement of bradycardic response, despite not having reduced BP.

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Baroreceptor activity impacts upon controlled but not automatic distractor processing

Cited by 9 publications

References 108 publications

Cardiac afferent activity modulates the expression of racial stereotypes

Cardiac afferent activity modulates the expression of racial stereotypes

The heart of cognitive control: Cardiac phase modulates processing speed and inhibition

The Effect of Physical Resistance Training on Baroreflex Sensitivity of Hypertensive Rats

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