Barnacle distribution in Lough Hyne Marine Nature Reserve: a new baseline and an account of invasion by the introduced Australasian species Elminius modestus Darwin

Include or exclude? A review on the role and suitability of aquatic invertebrate neozoa as indicators in biological assessment with special respect to fresh and brackish European waters

“…In several cases, the occurrence of invasive species led to a domination of nonindigenous populations or a severe change in the macrobenthic community (Gumuliauskaite and Arbaciauskas 2008;Eckmann et al 2008;Pilollo et al 2008;Packalén et al 2008;van Riel et al 2006a, b;Paffen et al 1994;van den Brink et al 1993), frequently due to the lack of natural controls (Amat et al 2005;Cinar et al 2005;Haynes et al 2005;Karatayev et al 1997Karatayev et al , 2003Paffen et al 1994;Ricciardi et al 1996;Schloesser et al 1998). Elminius modestus, for instance, became a dominating species at sites subject to freshwater influence, resulting in a complete replacement of all other autochthonous barnacles (Lawson et al 2004). Occhipinti-Ambrogi and Savini (2003) stated that every healthy community has a natural impediment to bio-invasion.…”

The invasive barnacle species, Austrominius modestus: Its status and competition with indigenous barnacles on the Isle of Cumbrae, Scotland

“…This species was accidentally introduced to the UK (at Chichester Harbour; 50 47 0 N, 0 57 0 W) around 1943 (Bishop, 1947;Stubbings, 1950). It is now widespread in European waters (Crisp, 1958;Crisp and Southward, 1959;Lawson et al, 2004;Allen et al, 2006;Gomes-Filho et al, 2010), present on sheltered shores in the Atlantic, North Sea and Western Mediterranean (Witte et al, 2010;O'Riordan and Ramsay, 2013) and has been described as a 'naturalised' member of European intertidal habitats (Tøttrup et al, 2010).…”

“…Witte et al (2010) suggested that there are non-native 'sleepers' present in cold temperate waters. It is believed that Austrominius modestus is such a 'sleeper' (Witte et al, 2010) as, despite being present in Europe since the 1940s, increases in abundance of A. modestus at a number of locations within its invasive range have only been recorded relatively recently (Franke and Gutow, 2004;Reichert and Buchholz, 2006;Herbert et al, 2007;O'Riordan et al, 2009;Witte et al, 2010), including Lough Hyne Marine Nature Reserve, Ireland (51 30 0 N, 9 18 0 W) where it now dominates much of the lough intertidal area (Lawson et al, 2004).…”

Adapted for invasion? Comparing attachment, drag and dislodgment of native and nonindigenous hull fouling species

“…Barnacles and mussels are common hull fouling organisms whose spread has been linked to shipping activities worldwide (Kado 2003;Laird and Griffiths 2008;Pilsbry 1916;Schwindt 2007). For example, the Atlantic barnacle Chthalamus proteus was found fouling ships above the water line in Hawaii (Southward et al 1998) and the introduction of Eliminius modestus to Ireland was traced to hull fouling on transport ships during World War II (Lawson et al 2004). Barnacles have a broad base that cements to the substrate, likely conferring superior biomechanical properties to remain attached to boat hulls.…”