Barley response to nitrogen and non-nutritional benefits of legume green manure

Janzen, H. H.; Schaalje, G. Bruce

doi:10.1007/bf00010171

Cited by 38 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…This depicts that organic inputs can be used to minimize gaseous N losses. However, other studies have shown higher denitrification losses with organic as compared to mineral fertilizers (Janzen and Schaalje 1992). More research to ascertain this is needed especially for different agroecological zones and soil types.…”

Section: Denitrificationmentioning

confidence: 94%

Partial balance of nitrogen in a maize cropping system in humic nitisol of Central Kenya

Kimetu

Mugendi

Bationo

et al. 2006

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

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The application of nitrogen in a soil under agricultural production is subject to several pathways including de-nitrification, leaching and recovery by an annual crop. This is as well greatly influenced by the management practices, nitrogen source and soil conditions. The main objective of this study was to investigate the loss of nitrogen (N) through nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions and mineral N leaching and uptake by annual crop as influenced by the N source. The study was carried out at Kabete in Central Kenya. Measurements were taken during the second season after two seasons of repeated application of N as urea and Tithonia diversifolia (tithonia) leaves. Results obtained indicated that nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions at 4 weeks after planting were as high as 12.3 lg N m À2 h À1 for tithonia treatment and 2.9 lg N m À2 h À1 for urea treatment. Tithonia green biomass treatment was found to emit N 2 O at relatively higher rate compared to urea treatment. This was only evident during the fourth week after treatment application.Soil mineral N content at the end of the season increased down the profile. This was evident in the three treatments (urea, tithonia and control) investigated in the study. Urea treatment exhibited significantly higher mineral N content down the soil profile (9% of the applied N) compared to tithonia (0.6% of the applied N). This was attributed to the washing down of the nitrate-N from the topsoil accumulating in the lower layers of the soil profile. However, there was no significant difference in N content down the soil profile between tithonia treatment and the control. It could be concluded that there was no nitrate leaching in the tithonia treatment. Nitrogen recovery by the maize crop was higher in the urea treatment (76% of the applied N) as compared to tithonia treatment (55.5% of the applied N). This was also true for the residual mineral N in the soil at the end of the season which was about 7.8% of the applied N in the urea treatment and 5.2% in the tithonia treatment.From this study, it was therefore evident that although there is relatively lower N recovery by maize supplied with tithonia green biomass compared to maize supplied with urea, more nitrogen is being lost (through leaching) from the soil-plant system in the urea applied plots than in tithonia applied plots. However, a greater percentage (37.8%) of the tithonia-applied N could not be

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Section: Denitrificationmentioning

confidence: 94%

Partial balance of nitrogen in a maize cropping system in humic nitisol of Central Kenya

Kimetu

Mugendi

Bationo

et al. 2006

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

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“…1b). In the present study, the method proposed by Janzen and Schaalje (1992) overcame problems associated to this limitation of the difference method. It allowed for a reliable estimation of N credits because it was possible to eliminate the possibility that yields were influenced by non-N effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…The difference between the wheat yield -N uptake relationship with and without legume was used to partition the response of cereal to legume into N and non-N components. As proposed by Janzen and Schaalje (1992), the relationship between grain dry matter yield and N uptake was used in the present study to distinguish nutritional and non-nutritional yield response. The rationale behind their approach is that, if the relationship between yield and N uptake is unaffected by the presence of the legume, then any response to legume residues is exclusively attributable to enhanced soil N fertility.…”

Section: Non-n Nutritional Effects and N Credits: Theory And Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The value obtained is the legume fertiliser N replacement value. These N credits were found to be overestimated (Lory et al 1995) because legumes in rotation not only supply N (Ladd and Amato 1986;Janzen et al 1990;Harris et al 1994;Hossain et al 1996), but can also result in non-nutritional effects on the main crop (Janzen and Schaalje 1992;Stevenson and van Kessel 1996). Evidence suggests that underseeded legume can also affect cereal yields other than by simple contribution through improved N nutrition; competition for light, water and nutrients, reduction of weeds and diseases etc.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Underseeded clover as a nitrogen source for spring wheat on a Gleysol

Garand¹,

Simard²,

MacKenzie³

et al. 2001

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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. 2001. Underseeded clover as a nitrogen source for spring wheat on a Gleysol. Can. J. Soil Sci. 81: 93-102. Although there is a potential to substantially reduce N fertiliser inputs by cropping spring cereals with an interseeded legume, the agronomic value and the nitrate catch-crop effect associated with this practice are not documented under the conditions of eastern Canada. This 3-yr study estimated N credits and non-N nutritional effects for interseeded clover (Trifolium pratense L. 'Arlington') in spring wheat production (Triticum aestivum L. 'Algot') and assessed fall and spring nitrate (NO 3 -) in soil. The soil is a St. Urbain clay (Orthic Gleysol) located in the St. Lawrence lowlands. Ammonium nitrate (NH 4 NO 3 ) was applied at 0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg N ha -1 with or without red clover as a companion crop. Clover was incorporated as a green manure crop in mid-November. Clover significantly (P ≤ 0.05) influenced wheat yield response to N fertilisation for 2 of the 3 yr. Clover did not reduce wheat grain yield through competition between the two plant species. Higher wheat yields with clover were attributed to N supplied by clover through mineralisation of residues incorporated in the soil the previous fall. Nitrogen fertiliser replacement value of clover was approximately 80 kg N ha -1 for 1994 and 1995. Clover occasionally increased NO 3 --N measured in the soil profile in late fall and in spring. Interseeded red clover may provide most of the N needs of a companion spring wheat crop in fine-textured gleysolic soils, but is an inefficient N catch-crop.

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“…In general, the recovery of N from green manures by the subsequent crop is low, ranging from 5% to 30% (Müller & Sundman, 1988;Harris & Hesterman, 1990;Bremer & Kessel, 1992;Harris et al, 1994). In potted experiments, the values obtained are higher, up to 55% (Azam et al, 1985;Janzen & Schaalje, 1992), which must be credited to the presence of more favorable conditions for residue decomposition, and to greater control over losses. The availability of residual N for a subsequent cultivation is rarely above 10% of the total amount applied (Müller & Sundman, 1988;Ta & Faris, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Fate of nitrogen (15N) from velvet bean in the soil-plant system

Scivittaro

Muraoka

Boaretto

2004

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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Because of their potential for N 2 biological fixation, legumes are an alternative source of nitrogen to crops, and can even replace or supplement mineral fertilization. A greenhouse experiment was carried out to evaluate temporal patterns of velvet bean (Mucuna aterrima) green manure release of nitrogen to rice plants, and to study the fate of nitrogen from velvet bean in rice cultivation. The isotopic dilution methodology was used. Treatments consisted of a control and 10 incubation periods of soil fertilized with 15 N-labeled velvet bean (0, 20, 40, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, and 240 days). The plant material was previously chopped, sifted (10 mm mesh sieve) and oven-dried (65ºC). Incubation of the plant material (2.2 g kg -1 soil) was initiated by the longest period, in order to synchronize the planting of the test crop, rice (Oryza sativa), at time zero for all treatments. Green manure incorporation promoted increases in rice dry matter yield and nitrogen uptake. These variables showed maximum values at incubation periods of 38 and 169 days, respectively. Green manure nitrogen utilization by rice plants was highest at an incubation period corresponding to 151 days. More than 60% of the green manure nitrogen remained in the soil after rice cultivation. The highest green manure nitrogen recovery from the soil-plant system occurred at an incubation period equivalent to 77 days. Key words: Mucuna aterrima, effectiveness, recovery, losses DINÂMICA DO NITROGÊNIO (15 N) DA MUCUNA-PRETA NO SISTEMA SOLO-PLANTA RESUMO: Em função de seu potencial de fixação de nitrogênio (N), as leguminosas representam uma alternativa ao suprimento do nutriente para as culturas, substituindo ou complementando a adubação mineral. Desenvolveu-se, sob condições semi-controladas, utilizando-se de metodologia de diluição isotópica, um experimento para determinar o padrão temporal de liberação de nitrogênio da mucuna-preta (Mucuna aterrima) e estudar a dinâmica do N contido nesse adubo verde no sistema solo-planta. O estudo compreendeu um tratamento testemunha e dez períodos de incubação do solo com mucuna-preta marcada com 15 N (zero, 20, 40, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210 e 240 dias). O material vegetal utilizado foi picado, peneirado (peneira com abertura de malha de 10 mm) e seco em estufa. A incubação do material vegetal, na dose de 2,2 g kg -1 de solo, foi iniciada pelo período mais longo, possibilitando coincidir o plantio da cultura teste, arroz (Oryza sativa), para todos os tratamentos, no tempo zero. A incorporação de mucuna-preta promoveu aumento da produção de matéria seca e da absorção de N pelas plantas de arroz. Os valores máximos para essas variáveis foram proporcionados pelos períodos de incubação de 38 e 169 dias, respectivamente. O máximo aproveitamento de N da mucuna-preta pelo arroz correspondeu ao período de incubação de 151 dias. Mais de 60% do N do adubo verde permaneceram no solo após a colheita do arroz. A recuperação máxima de N da mucuna-preta no sistema solo-planta correspondeu a um período de incubação ...

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Barley response to nitrogen and non-nutritional benefits of legume green manure

Cited by 38 publications

References 29 publications

Partial balance of nitrogen in a maize cropping system in humic nitisol of Central Kenya

Partial balance of nitrogen in a maize cropping system in humic nitisol of Central Kenya

Underseeded clover as a nitrogen source for spring wheat on a Gleysol

Fate of nitrogen (15N) from velvet bean in the soil-plant system

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