Barley–pea intercropping: Effects on land productivity, carbon and nitrogen transformations

Chapagain, Tejendra; Riseman, Andrew

doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2014.06.014

Cited by 104 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This can be achieved by testing soil to optimise nutrient requirements (including micronutrients) of major field crops using the 4R principles (i.e., right source, right rate, right time and right place); designing low cost and sustainable agro-ecosystems (e.g., cover crops/intercropping, crop rotation, conservation tillage, adoption of 4R nutrient management strategies, etc.) that reduce the use of synthetic fertilisers in crop production; and by providing tools and practices (i.e., genetic selection, optimal crop and soil management practices, and field testing of precision agriculture techniques) that sustain ecosystem services, input efficiency and environmental quality while adapting to climatic extremes [17][18][19][20][21][22]. Selection of crops and/or varieties with different root architectures (i.e., longer and finer roots, including greater number of tips and branching angle, and a lower shoot: root ratio) may also help tolerate drought conditions [23,24].…”

Section: Testing/adoption Of Appropriate Crops and Cropping Systems Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Farming in Northern Ontario: Untapped Potential for the Future

Chapagain

2017

Agronomy

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Farming in Northern Ontario is limited to less than 1% of the total land area available. With over 2000 farms, this is home to about 6% of the province's population, concentrated in the five major southern border cities of Thunder Bay, Sault Ste. Marie, Timmins, Sudbury and North Bay, with a significant presence of indigenous (i.e., First Nations) and disadvantaged peoples. This review highlights the challenges and opportunities of agriculture in Northern Ontario and offers a few strategies for establishing and sustaining agricultural operations locally. The challenges of farming in this region include the prevalence of adverse climatic conditions, lack of crop/economic diversification, insufficient infrastructure and support services, presence of small local markets, an aging population and youth out-migration, attitudes of dependency on government and limited investment potential. Nevertheless, this region offers much potential for farming as it contains significant amounts of fertile soils, good road networks and affordable land to start up farm businesses. Furthermore, the changing climate could be a boon to improve growing conditions, with expanded cropping options and increased yields in recent years. Production and consumption of local foods, conducting innovative on-farm research that addresses the needs of local producers including First Nations peoples, fostering regional research centres, building relationships through networking, exchange of ideas through effective use of different extension avenues, and collaboration and assisting local producers with market development may help establish a more competitive and sustainable agrifood sector in Northern Ontario. Favourable government policies to support growers who have experienced damage to their crops, forages and livestock due to adverse climatic conditions will further help sustain and expand their agricultural operations.

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Section: Testing/adoption Of Appropriate Crops and Cropping Systems Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Farming in Northern Ontario: Untapped Potential for the Future

Chapagain

2017

Agronomy

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“…For example, intercropping (with or without legumes), fertilizer management, crop rotations and reduced tillage practices can lead to lower external inputs, efficient crop nutrient use and yield improvements (Scalise et al 2015;Dahmardeh and Hodiani 2016;Jouzi et al 2017). Benefits for the soil can also be realized through improved biological and chemical characteristics (Oelbermann and Echarte 2011;Chapagain and Riseman 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Typical species used in intercropping systems include legumes such as clover (Trifolium), vetch (Vicia), beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) and peas (Pisum sativum) and non-legumes such as barley (Hordeum vulgare), buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum), rye (Secale cereale), oat (Avena sativa), wheat (Triticum) and flax (Linum usitatissimum) (Chapagain and Riseman 2014;Hamzei and Seyyedi 2016). Intercropping with legumes can particularly enhance soil fertility by increasing soil nitrogen (N) through the N-fixing ability of rhizobacteria, thereby allowing more fixed-N to remain in the upper soil layers and be plant available (Hauggaard-Nielsen et al 2009a;Chapagain and Riseman 2014). Intercropping has been found to increase the use of available N (Bedoussac and Justes 2010) as well as macro-and micronutrients in crops (Neugschwandtner and Kaul 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Productivity and nutrient use efficiency with integrated fertilization of buckwheat–fenugreek intercrops

Salehi

Mehdi

Fallah

et al. 2018

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

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Intercrops and organic fertilizers can improve the productivity of cropping systems due to increased soil nutrient availability and plant nutrient use efficiency. A 2-year field experiment was conducted to determine the effects of different intercropping ratios and fertilizer types on nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations and yields of fenugreek and buckwheat at the research farm of Shahrekord University, Iran. The

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“…Intra-species variation in biological nitrogen fixation has been observed throughout the legume family [30,87] including within Glycine max (soybean) [88], Lablab purpureus [89], Vicia faba (faba bean) [90,91], Trifolium alexandrinum (bersem clover) [36,[92][93][94], Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean) [95,96], Pisum sativum (green pea) [97], V. unguiculata (cowpea) [98], and Vigna aconitifolia (mothbean) [93]. Optimizing biological nitrogen fixation involves the selection of not only the best legume genotype but also selecting the most optimal legume and rhizobia combination [30].…”

Section: Dry Season Wild Plants Can Be Optimized As Cover Crops Throumentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigating dry season food insecurity in the subtropics by prospecting drought-tolerant, nitrogen-fixing weeds

Small

Raizada

2017

Agric & Food Secur

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Subtropical regions experience an extended dry season, which inhibits the growth of most crops, and as a result there is seasonal scarcity of food and fodder. Globally, almost 600 million smallholders and landless laborers experience hunger in the dry season. This situation is expected to worsen, as water shortages are expected to impact up to twothirds of humanity between 2010 and 2050. A second challenge is that 45% of the world's agricultural land is sloped and vulnerable to intense surface runoff during the transition from the dry to rainy season (e.g., monsoon). Erosion, along with nutrient mining, contributes to a net loss of soil fertility. Drought-tolerant legumes can mitigate these challenges. Legumes form symbiotic relationships with microbes that can sequester atmospheric nitrogen gas as ammonia, a process termed biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). As a result of BNF, legumes are rich in nitrogen, which is a building block of edible protein and organic nitrogen fertilizer to replenish soils. Leguminous cover crops can be used as food/feed, and as a tool to reduce the need for synthetic fertilizers, prevent erosion, and suppress undesired weeds that grow on bare, dry soil that otherwise cause female drudgery. Unfortunately, cover cropping is not a traditional practice in most subtropical regions and BNF is inhibited by drought (dry season). Subsistence farmers around the world would benefit from nutritious and drought-tolerant cover crops that can sustain nitrogen fixation in the dry season. Here, we propose that neglected crops in addition to native and naturalized plants that persist in the dry season, often considered to be weeds, may be utilized for the development of new cover crops. A detailed framework is presented for the identification, characterization, and selection of such species. As a case study, the framework was applied to the mid-hills of Nepal. A literature review, stakeholder interviews, and field site visits with farmers informed the selection of 78 candidate dry season leguminous cover crop species. It is hoped that this innovative approach will serve as a model to help alleviate food/feed shortages and improve the livelihoods of subsistence farmers in the global subtropics.

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Barley–pea intercropping: Effects on land productivity, carbon and nitrogen transformations

Cited by 104 publications

References 31 publications

Farming in Northern Ontario: Untapped Potential for the Future

Farming in Northern Ontario: Untapped Potential for the Future

Productivity and nutrient use efficiency with integrated fertilization of buckwheat–fenugreek intercrops

Mitigating dry season food insecurity in the subtropics by prospecting drought-tolerant, nitrogen-fixing weeds

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