Barley Grain Yield and Protein Content Response to Deficit Irrigation and Sowing Dates in Semi-Arid Region

Abstract

The present study was conducted to investigate the relational effects of various sowing dates and deficit irrigation on grain yield, protein and yield components of barley, in a semi-arid region (southern part of Iran) during growing seasons 2011-2012 and 2012-2013. A Split plot layout within a randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Main plots were selected as Irrigation treatments with varying water irrigation levels consisting of: (1) full irrigation, FI, (2) 0.75 FI, (3) 0.5 FI and (4) Dry land (rain-fed) during both growing seasons. Sub plots were the sowing dates consisted of: (1) 23 th October (T1), (2) 6 th and (3) 22 th November (T2 and T3) and (4) 6 th December (T4). The interaction of different irrigation levels and sowing dates had a significant impact (p<0.05) on grain yield, grain and straw protein, 1000-grain weight, plant height, biomass, water use efficiency (WUE), and crop evapotranspiration. Results revealed that the largest amount of protein was obtained in the latest sowing date (T4) at dry land treatment in two consecutive years. Full irrigation treatment showed the largest rate of dry matter accumulation (14.72 and 15.25 Mg.h -1 for the first and second years, respectively), while the smallest rate was seen in the rain fed treatment (4.22 and 7.43 Mg.h -1 for the first and second years, respectively). The largest yield was obtained with the 23 th October (T1) sowing date in full irrigation treatments (FI). The largest water use efficiency was achieved with 0.5FI and the earliest sowing date (T1).

Effect of Planting Dates on Yield Components and Qualitative Characteristics of Several Genotypes of Barley Hordeum vulgare L.

“…As for the effect of planting dates, the results of Table (5) showed that the date (30/11) was superior in protein content with an average of (14.060)%, followed by the two dates (20/11 and 1/11) and without a significant difference between them, as they recorded averages of (12,300 and 12,300) 12.200)%, while the date (10/11) the lowest average score for this attribute, totaling (11.737)%, and the reason for the superiority of the date (30/11) in the percentage of protein may be due to the delay in the date of planting with the high temperature and low relative humidity. Which leads to stress of the fruit parts, so their contribution to food manufacturing decreases, so the plant depends on the materials transferred to it from the vegetable part, which are mostly protein materials, and this leads to an increase in protein in the grains, this result agreed with [20] who found an increase in protein with the late planting date.…”

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The experiment was carried out in one of the farms affiliated to the Department of Agricultural Extension / Ministry of Agriculture, in Muthanna Governorate / Warka District (25 km away from the governorate center), during the season (2021)(2022) in order to study the effect of four planting dates (1,10,20, 30\November) on yield components and qualitative traits of a number of genotypes (G1, G2, G3, G4, G5, G6, G7, G8, G9) and Aba265 (G10) of barley crop. The experiment was applied using the design of completely randomized sectors according to split method With three replications, as the dates filled the main panels and the structures in the secondary panels, the results of the experiment showed: Most of the genotypes outperformed in both yield components and qualitative traits, as genotype G7 outperformed in the trait of number of spikes with an average of (610.3) spike m -2 , and genotype G9 outperformed in the number of grains per spike with an average of (43.92) grains of spike m -1 , Aba265 (G10) was superior in the trait of weight of one thousand grains with an average of (47.06) g, and for the character of the protein content in the grains, the genotypes G6, G1, G8, and G10 excelled without a significant difference between them with averages of (13.342, 13.225, 13.037 and 12.950)% Sequentially, the G1 genotype was superior to the specific weight and without a significant difference from the genotypes G2, G8, G6 and G3, where their averages reached (63.52, 63.47, 62.82, 62.58 and 62.40) kg hectoliter -1 respectively.

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The Effect of Planting Date for Some Barley Varieties on Some Growth Characteristics and Green Fodder Yield and Quality

“…It was noted from the result of table (6 ) that the planting date of November 15 was superior , giving it the highest average protein percentage of 8.38 % , compared to the planting date of October 1 , which gave the lowest average of 6.15 % the reason may be due to the suitability of environmental factors ,such as temperature ,humidity, and lighting ,which in turn affected the nutritional representations within the plant and thus increased the percentage of protein due to the efficiency of the nitrogen fixation process, this result was agreed upon [17] by those who found an increase in protein by delaying the planting date. As for the varieties, the Samir variety achieved the highest average for this trait, amounting to 7.339%, and did not differ significantly from the variety Rehan, Buraq, and Shuaa, which gave values of 7.384, 7.224, and 7.196%, respectively, while the Arevat variety gave the lowest average, amounting to 6.562%, and did not differ significantly from the two varieties Amal and Ebaa 99.…”

Enhanced Forage Yield and Water Productivity with Cereal-Legume Mixed Cropping and Deficit Irrigation under Arid Conditions

“…Thus optimized regulated deficit irrigation was recommended in areas with a low amount of irrigation water. A former study conducted on barley reported highest water use efficiency of the crops under 50% full irrigation (Tabarzad et al, 2016). Likewise, several previous studies have reported the positive effect of limited irrigation on the yield and W UE of crops (Pardo et al, 2020;Kang et al, 2000;Djaman et al, 2020a).…”