Barley and its Environment. V. Stability of Grain Weight

Gallagher, J. N.; Biscoe, P. V.; Scott, R. K.

doi:10.2307/2401735

Cited by 190 publications

(119 citation statements)

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“…Of the yield components, grain number/unit area was related most strongly with grain yield (r = 0.89, P < 0.001). Other studies (Gallagher et al 1975;Gales 1983;Fischer 1985;Anderson 1986;Thorne & Wood 1987;Acevedo et al 1991) have also shown high correlations between grain yield and grain number/unit area. Significant relationships did occur with ears/unit area (r = 0.62, P < 0.001) and grains/ ear (r = 0.35, P < 0.05).…”

Section: Yield and Yield Componentsmentioning

confidence: 77%

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Nitrogen and dry matter partitioning of barley grown in a dryland environment

Ruiter

Brooking

1994

New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science

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Fifty-eight spring malting barley crops (Hordeum vulgare L. 'Triumph') were monitored in the Rangitikei district, New Zealand (40°20'S), over three seasons beginning 1987/88 and covering a wide variation in soil moisture conditions during grain filling but small deficits before anthesis. The objectives were to: (1) document the range of variability of grain yield among locations and years; (2) determine if systematic patterns occurred in the dry matter (DM) accumulation and nitrogen (N) uptake; and (3) evaluate the effects these processes have on the partitioning of DM and N between the grain and the rest of the plant. Mean yearly grain yields (14% moisture) were 6.85, 5.12, and 5.07 t/ha, respectively. Grain number/m 2 accounted for 79% of the variation in grain yield. On average, 63% of the N in the above ground crop was derived from soil reserves, and 87% of the total N uptake occurred before anthesis. Pre-anthesis processes had a major effect on crop characteristics at maturity. For example, the level of crop N at anthesis (indicative of pre-anthesis N uptake) was a good predictor of the extent of post-anthesis partitioning H93059Received 30 August 1993; accepted 30 November 1993 of N to the grain (r = -0.75). Conversely, high postanthesis N uptake was generally not related to grain N concentration. Therefore, under dryland conditions, there is scope for improving yield by late applications of N without causing grain quality reductions. Management options for obtaining high yields of malting barley under non-irrigated conditions are discussed. These include the use of crop N concentration at anthesis as an indicator of crop N status.

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Section: Yield and Yield Componentsmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…However, N dynamics are also strongly influenced by the environment. In the instance of DM, reduced contributions of preanthesis assimilate to grain in dry years or during water stress have often been reported (Aspinall 1965;Gallagher et al 1975;Bidinger et al 1977;Austin et al 1980;Lawlor et al 1981).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen and dry matter partitioning of barley grown in a dryland environment

Ruiter

Brooking

1994

New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science

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“…The contribution of preanthesis assimilates to grain yield was determined, by calculating the difference between grain yield and total shoot dry matter accumulation from anthesis to maturity (Gallagner et al, 1975). The contribution of N produced in preanthesis to grain yield was calculated using the same methodology.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen translocation in wheat inoculated with Azospirillum and fertilized with nitrogen

Rodrigues

Didonet

Gouveia

et al. 2000

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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-The productivity and the translocation of assimilates and nitrogen (N) were compared after inoculation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cv. BR-23) seeds with two strains of Azospirillum brasilense (strains 245 and JA 04) under field conditions. The inoculation of wheat seeds was done with a peat inoculant at sowing time. Plant material for evaluations were collected at anthesis and maturity. No differences in grain yield and in the translocation of assimilates resulting from inoculation were detected. Differences were observed in relation to N rates (0, 15, and 60 kg ha -1 ). N content in the grain increased significantly in the bacteria-inoculated treatments in which N was not added. This increase in N content in the grain with inoculation was probably due to higher N uptake after anthesis without any significant contribution on the grain yield. Such increment was of 8.4 kg ha -1 of N representing 66% more N than in no inoculated treatment. Regardless of the inoculation and the rate of N applied, it was observed that about 70% of the N accumulated at anthesis was translocated from vegetative parts to the grain.Index terms: Triticum aestivum, nitrogen fertilization, nitrogen metabolism, assimilation, nitrogen fixing bacteria. TRANSLOCAÇÃO DE NITROGÊNIO EM TRIGO INFECTADO POR AZOSPIRILLUME ADUBADO COM NITROGÊNIO RESUMO -Com o objetivo de verificar o efeito da inoculação na produtividade, na translocação de assimilados e de N, durante o desenvolvimento da planta de trigo (Triticum aestivum L. cv. BR-23), foi realizado este estudo em condições de campo, com duas estirpes de Azospirillum brasilense (245 e JA 04). A inoculação foi efetuada no momento da semeadura, com inoculante turfoso. As coletas dos materiais para as avaliações foram efetuadas na antese e na maturação. Não foi detectado efeito da inoculação na produção de grãos e na translocação de assimilados. Diferenças foram observadas em relação às doses de N (0, 15 e 60 kg ha -1 ). O teor de N no grão aumentou significativamente nos tratamentos com bactérias, sem adição de N. Esse aumento foi provavelmente decorrente da maior absorção de N após a antese, sem reflexo significativo no rendimento de grãos. Tal aumento no N absorvido após a antese foi superior em 66% ao tratamento sem inoculação, representando um incremento de cerca de 8,4 kg ha -1 . Independentemente da inoculação e da dose de N estudadas, observou-se que aproximadamente 70% do N acumulado na antese foi translocado das partes vegetativas para o grão.Termos para indexação: Triticum aestivum, adubação nitrogenada, metabolismo do nitrogênio, assimilação, bactéria fixadora de nitrogênio.

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“…In addition, the reduction in yield as a result of post-anthesis moisture stress effects on grain size development is well known (Aspinall 1965). Stem reserves are also more important in crops stressed by disease after anthesis (Gallagher et al 1975;Scott & Dennis-Jones 1976), with relative contributions of 70-100% to the grain. Disease and water stresses are common in North Island barley crops and often cause decreases in grain yield.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of sowing date and nitrogen on dry matter and nitrogen partitioning in malting barley

Ruiter

Brooking

1996

New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science

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Variation in yield and quality of malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L. 'Triumph') are major problems for both producers and processors in the Manawatu, New Zealand. Climatic variation is partially responsible for this. However, crop management options may enable the variation to be reduced. The effects of sowing date and nitrogen (N) fertiliser on yield and quality of malting barley were evaluated over two seasons. In 1987/88, a grain yield of 7.0 t/ha was achieved with optimal management. Yields in 1988/89 were approximately half those in the previous season because of drier conditions during grain filling and a greater incidence of disease. N uptake was lower in the second season, but this did not result in lower grain N content and, therefore, improved quality because dry matter (DM) yield was also lower. Grain N concentrations were significantly higher in the late sowings in both seasons. Differences in grain N concentrations were related to the timing of N accumulation in the plant. Over all sowings, the contribution of post-anthesis N uptake relative to total grain N was negatively related to grain N concentration (r =-0.78). This indicated that late N uptake may not always be detrimental to quality as the processes of carbon and N accumulation are closely linked during grain filling. The maintenance of green leaf area by fungal disease control or timely irrigation is considered important for maintaining high grain quality as these prolong the accumulation of DM during grain filling.

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Barley and its Environment. V. Stability of Grain Weight

Cited by 190 publications

References 0 publications

Nitrogen and dry matter partitioning of barley grown in a dryland environment

Nitrogen and dry matter partitioning of barley grown in a dryland environment

Nitrogen translocation in wheat inoculated with Azospirillum and fertilized with nitrogen

Effect of sowing date and nitrogen on dry matter and nitrogen partitioning in malting barley

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