Barley Aleurone Cells Contain Two Types of Vacuoles: Characterization of Lytic Organelles by Use of Fluorescent Probes

Swanson, Sarah J.; Bethke, Paul C.; Jones, Russell L.

doi:10.1105/tpc.10.5.685

Cited by 167 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The presence of both lytic (<10 μm) and protein storage compartment (>10 μm) vacuole types was confirmed in barley aleurone cells by light and fluorescence microscopy studies (Swanson et al , 1998). In wheat, the PSVs are composed only of a protein matrix and globoids with phytic acid mineral salts (Morrison et al , 1975).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

New insights into globoids of protein storage vacuoles in wheat aleurone using synchrotron soft X-ray microscopy

Regvar

Eichert²,

Kaulich³

et al. 2011

Journal of Experimental Botany

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Mature developed seeds are physiologically and biochemically committed to store nutrients, principally as starch, protein, oils, and minerals. The composition and distribution of elements inside the aleurone cell layer reflect their biogenesis, structural characteristics, and physiological functions. It is therefore of primary importance to understand the mechanisms underlying metal ion accumulation, distribution, storage, and bioavailability in aleurone subcellular organelles for seed fortification purposes. Synchrotron radiation soft X-ray full-field imaging mode (FFIM) and low-energy X-ray fluorescence (LEXRF) spectromicroscopy were applied to characterize major structural features and the subcellular distribution of physiologically important elements (Zn, Fe, Na, Mg, Al, Si, and P). These direct imaging methods reveal the accumulation patterns between the apoplast and symplast, and highlight the importance of globoids with phytic acid mineral salts and walls as preferential storage structures. C, N, and O chemical topographies are directly linked to the structural backbone of plant substructures. Zn, Fe, Na, Mg, Al, and P were linked to globoid structures within protein storage vacuoles with variable levels of co-localization. Si distribution was atypical, being contained in the aleurone apoplast and symplast, supporting a physiological role for Si in addition to its structural function. These results reveal that the immobilization of metals within the observed endomembrane structures presents a structural and functional barrier and affects bioavailability. The combination of high spatial and chemical X-ray microscopy techniques highlights how in situ analysis can yield new insights into the complexity of the wheat aleurone layer, whose precise biochemical composition, morphology, and structural characteristics are still not unequivocally resolved.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

New insights into globoids of protein storage vacuoles in wheat aleurone using synchrotron soft X-ray microscopy

Regvar

Eichert²,

Kaulich³

et al. 2011

Journal of Experimental Botany

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“…In the aleurone cells of barley, two types of vacuoles with different functions have been identified: one large, for protein storage; one small, with a similar function to that of lysosome (Swanson et al 1998). If large vacuoles in oat aleurone cells are homologous to those in barley, they express unfinished metabolism of aleurone grains related to the dehydratation of protein.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Instability of endosperm development in amphiploids and their parental species in the genus Avena L.

Tomaszewska

Kosina

2018

Plant Cell Rep

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Key messageThe development of oat endosperm is modified by chromatin and nuclei elimination, intrusive growth of cell walls, and polyploidisation of cell clones. The last event is correlated with somatic crossing-over.AbstractGrass endosperm is a variable tissue in terms of its cytogenetics and development. Free-nuclear syncytium and starchy and aleurone endosperm were the main focus of the research. These were studied in oat amphiploids (4x, 6x, and 8x) and parental species (2x, 4x, and 6x). What the levels of cytogenetic disorders and developmental anomalies in species versus hybrids are, and, what the factors are determining phenotypes of both tissue components, are open questions for oats. Chromosome bridges and micronuclei are the main cytogenetic disorders showing the elimination of parts of genomes. Bridges are formed by the AT-heterochromatin-rich and -free ends of chromosomes. In the starchy tissue, various sectors are separated structurally due to the elongation or intrusive growth of aleurone cells. The development of the aleurone layer is highly disturbed locally due to the amplification of aleurone cell divisions. Changes related to their structure and metabolism occur in the aleurone cells, for example, clones of small versus large aleurone cells. Somatic crossing-over (SCO) is expressed in clones of large polyploidised cells (r = 0.80***), giving rise to new aleurone phenotypes. The multivariate description of the endosperm instability showed that endospermal disorders were more frequent in amphiploids than in the oat species. Avena strigosa and the amphiploid A. fatua × A. sterilis appeared to be extreme units in an ordination space. Nuclear DNA elimination, periclinal and multidirectional cytokineses, polyploidisation, intrusive growth, and SCO appeared to be important factors determining oat endospermal variations.

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“…4C) which may correspond to small vacuoles (Fig. 4B, arrow) [34]. Thus, as stated by Swanson et al [34], BCECF may be capable of entering di¡erent vacuolar compartments.…”

Section: Glibenclamide Selectively Inhibits the Vacuolar Deposition Omentioning

confidence: 64%

“…In plants, evidence for vacuolar ABC-type transporters for £uorescent dyes was presented for LY [9]. Swanson et al [34] suggested the presence of a vacuolar ABC-type transport system for BCECF in bar- Fig. 5.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential sensitivity of plant and yeast MRP (ABCC)‐mediated organic anion transport processes towards sulfonylureas

et al. 2003

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The role of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) proteins such as multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs) is critical in drug resistance in cancer cells and in plant detoxi¢cation processes. Due to broad substrate spectra, speci¢c modulators of these proteins are still lacking. Sulfonylureas such as glibenclamide are used to treat non-insulin-dependent diabetes since they bind to the sulfonylurea receptor. Glibenclamide also inhibits the cystic ¢brosis transmembrane conductance regulator, p-glycoprotein in animals and guard cell ion channels in plants.To investigate whether this compound is a more general blocker of ABC transporters the sensitivity of ABC-type transport processes across the vacuolar membrane of plants and yeast towards glibenclamide was evaluated. Glibenclamide inhibits the ATP-dependent uptake of L L-estradiol 17-(L L-D-glucuronide), lucifer yellow CH, and (2P P,7P P-bis-(2-carboxyethyl)-5-(and-6-)carboxy£uorescein. Transport of glutathione conjugates into plant but not into yeast vacuoles was drastically reduced by glibenclamide. Thus, irrespective of the homologies between plant, yeast and animal MRP transporters, speci¢c features of plant vacuolar MRPs with regard to sensitivity towards sulfonylureas exist. Glibenclamide could be a useful tool to trap anionic £uo-rescent indicator dyes in the cytosol.

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Barley Aleurone Cells Contain Two Types of Vacuoles: Characterization of Lytic Organelles by Use of Fluorescent Probes

Cited by 167 publications

References 54 publications

New insights into globoids of protein storage vacuoles in wheat aleurone using synchrotron soft X-ray microscopy

New insights into globoids of protein storage vacuoles in wheat aleurone using synchrotron soft X-ray microscopy

Instability of endosperm development in amphiploids and their parental species in the genus Avena L.

Differential sensitivity of plant and yeast MRP (ABCC)‐mediated organic anion transport processes towards sulfonylureas

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