Bark wounds caused by felling are more susceptible to discoloration and decay than wounds caused by extraction in European beech

Hecht, Ulrike; Kohnle, Ulrich; Nill, Michael; Grüner, Jörg; Metzler, B.

doi:10.1007/s13595-014-0432-y

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…All investigated injuries contained at least a minimal extent of discolouration, contrasting to the findings of Schumann & Dimitri (1993), Hecht et al (2015) and Schulz (1973), who reported that only 64%, 70% and 82% of 3-year-old open wounds contained discolouration in beech, respectively. Injuries with a lower average width and a shorter time period of injury closure did not contain decayed zones (Tab.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 87%

Can bark stripping cause red heartwood formation in beech stems?

Račko¹,

Mišíková²,

Hlaváč³

et al. 2018

iForest

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Injuries to standing trees caused by logging and the subsequent changes in biochemical composition and anatomy of affected tissues lead to wood quality loss, thus lowering the commercial value of roundwood. In this study, we investigated the influence of various factors that could help mitigate or prevent the spread of infections in the stem caused by injuries. A total of 112 beech logs (tree age: 42-143 years) from ten forest stands at three different sites in central Slovakia were examined, and the extent of discolouration and decay zones in each stem was measured, along with cambial age, stem diameter, injury width, and injury closure period. The results showed that the width of physiologically active wet sapwood and the width of the inactive dehydrated zone in the stem are important factors influencing red heartwood formation. We found no significant differences in the extent of discolouration and decay among different stands and sites. Stem diameter and injury width did significantly affect the penetration of infection through sapwood, and red heartwood formation was significantly affected by cambial age and injury width, while stand age, site slope, beech proportion in the stand and injury closure did not show any significant effect. Binary logistic models were applied to assess the probability of pathogen penetration through sapwood into the stem dehydrated zone as a function of injury width and stem diameter, as well as the probability that this could lead to red heartwood formation based on injury width and cambial age of beech stems.

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 87%

Can bark stripping cause red heartwood formation in beech stems?

Račko¹,

Mišíková²,

Hlaváč³

et al. 2018

iForest

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The values of WWHR were related to tree dbh, wound height from ground level, wound width, and wound width rate. Information about findings from previous studies on WWHR are reported, including: 2-4 mm year −1 in Picea abies (L.) H.Karst [23], 2-4 mm year −1 in mixed broadleaves [27], 6-10 mm year −1 Fagus sylvatica L. [38], 3.7-4.1 mm year −1 in Fagus sylvatica L. [39], 10 mm year −1 in Quercus robur L. [40], 12 mm year −1 in Fraxinus americana L. [41], 13-15 mm year −1 in Eucalyptus spp. [42], and 20 mm year −1 in Acer saccharum Marshall [43].…”

Section: Wound Healing Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Short-Term Recovery of Residual Tree Damage during Successive Thinning Operations

Tavankar

Nikooy

Monaco

et al. 2020

Forests

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this study, damage to residual trees during thinning performed by motor-manual felling and whole tree skidding was studied in a loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation. Forest intervention was carried out in 2016 and tree wounds were studied and examined over a period of three years. The results indicated that 8% of the residual trees suffered damage, of which 52% was caused by felling operations and 48% by extraction operations. Among the damaged trees, 13% had damage to the root system, 53% to the bole, and 34% to the crown area. The average wound size at the time of occurrence was 71.3 cm2. This was found to be reduced to 54.4 cm2 after a three year period. Wound intensity decreased with higher wound height and increased size. Three years after wound occurrence, only 6.6% were closed, 90.6% were still open, and 2.8% were decayed. The diameter growth in damaged trees was 1.7% lower than in undamaged trees (p > 0.05). Damage to the root system of residual trees reduced diameter growth by 3% (p < 0.05). Intensive wounds (damaged wood) caused a reduction of 22.7% in diameter growth (p < 0.01). In addition, the diameter growth in trees with decayed wounds was 27.4% lower than unwounded trees (p < 0.01). Pre-harvest planning, directional tree felling, marking of the extraction path before logging operations, employment of skilled logging workers, and post-harvest assessment of damaged residual trees are essential implementations in timber plantations.

show abstract

“…In the years after the wound is created, diameter growth (Tavankar et al 2015b;Hecht 2015) and the quality of the wood (Bonyad & Tavankar 2016) are more affected by the size of the wound. Wounds larger than 1000 cm 2 are less likely to heal, ultimately leading to wood decay (Tavankar & Bonyad 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Light wounds rarely lead to decay in the Hyrcanian forests. Previous studies have shown that tree species, age, wound size and height play the fundamental rule in the decay of the bole severe wounds (Tavankar & Bonyad 2014;Hecht 2015;Smith et al 1994;Vasiliauskas 2001;Kartoolinejad et al 2017). For trees with deep wounds in Hyrcanian forests, Tavankar and Bonyad (2014) found that 28% developed subsequent decay.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Logging damage to residual trees during sustainable harvesting of uneven-age stands in the Hyrcanian forests of Iran

Bodaghi

Nikooy

Naghdi

et al. 2020

NZJFS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: The frequency of wounded trees and intensity of wounds during logging operations can have serious impacts on stand growth and forest sustainability. The aims of the study were to evaluate and compare stand (tree and regeneration) damage level, wound characteristics, and damage types occurring when using a cable skidder in salvage logging and selection cutting. Methods: This study was conducted on four sites of mixed uneven-aged hardwood stands in the Hyrcanian forests of Iran. At two sites, salvage logging was applied (SL1 and SL2), and low-intensity selection cutting (SC1 and SC2) was applied at the other two. A systematic plot sampling design was used on the study area for damage assessment. Results: The percentage of regenerating trees damaged was 2.8, 2.1, 4.3, 1.4 %, in SL1, SL2, SC1, and SC2, respectively. The corresponding percentage of damaged trees was 4.3, 3.7, 4.9, 1.7 %. Most of the damage (48–79%) to the stand occurred during the winching stage at all the sites. Most of the wounds were located on the bole (51–78%). The average wound height and wound size at selection cutting sites were significantly higher than at the salvage logging sites. The incidence of high-intensity wounds at the salvage logging sites (55% at SL1 and 57% at SL2) was higher than at the selection cutting sites (24% in SC1 and 30% in SC2). Regenerating beech (Fagus orienalis Lipsky) and alder (Alnus subcordata C.A.Mey) had the highest incidence of damage. The number of damaged trees increased with increasing winching distance. Conclusion: Damage levels in stands during salvage logging and low-intensity selection cutting are lower (about a quarter) than the damage level to residual trees (12–23%) and regeneration (5–11%) from conventional selection cutting in uneven-aged mixed hardwood stands in the Hyrcanian forests. Because of the ecological and conservation value of deadwood, if the incidence of wind-fallen trees is low, the wood should be left in forest stands due to the high cost of salvage logging and the damage caused to residual and regenerating trees.

show abstract

Bark wounds caused by felling are more susceptible to discoloration and decay than wounds caused by extraction in European beech

Cited by 15 publications

References 20 publications

Can bark stripping cause red heartwood formation in beech stems?

Can bark stripping cause red heartwood formation in beech stems?

Short-Term Recovery of Residual Tree Damage during Successive Thinning Operations

Logging damage to residual trees during sustainable harvesting of uneven-age stands in the Hyrcanian forests of Iran

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About