Bark-stripping patterns in bristlecone pine (Pinus aristata) stands in Colorado, USA<sup>1</sup>

Boyce, Richard L.; Lubbers, Brad

doi:10.3159/torrey-d-11-00045.1

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…From the point of view of managing the population of ungulates and running forest husbandry, an extremely significant phenomenon is the influence of the ungulates on forest ecosystems and on the environment [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Large herbivore mammals can contribute to the following: the lowering of productive capabilities of tree stands [ 4 ]; the elimination of some species of woody plants [ 5 ]; and even the withering of trees as well as a complete change of vegetation cover [ 6 ]. On the other hand, deer ( Cervidae ) can contribute to a rapid settlement of new biotopes [ 7 ] and increase the productivity of habitats [ 2 , 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intensity of stripping and sugar content in the bark and the bast of European beech (Fagus sylvatica)

Kurek¹,

Todys²,

Pazdrowski

et al. 2019

Open Life Sciences

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The choice of particular trees for stripping by deer is puzzling because a preference is observed for trees of the highest social class. Trees ranked highest in the stand can produce more carbohydrates as a product of carbon assimilation. Among the many important nutrient and defense groups of metabolites in plants, high sugar content is postulated to be an attractant due to its impact on the sense of taste of different herbivores. Thus, we hypothesize that the carbohydrate content in the bast of the European beech is the most important factor by which deer make their choice. Our aim was to assess whether the sugar content in the bark and in the bast can be a factor which influences the intensity of bark stripping of particular trees in a beech thicket by red deer. A single episode connected with tree damaging pertained to 7% of the trees on the analyzed sampling plots. In total, 27% of the trees were damaged, including old damages. The mean size of damage to a given tree equaled 36% of the tree’s circumference and 0.06 m2 of the trunk’s surface. Analysis of the sugar content in the bast and in the bark jointly indicates that the trees subjected to bark stripping possessed a distinctly higher sugar content than the trees which were not damaged. The probability of bark stripping grows together with an increase in the sugar content of the bark and of the bast.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intensity of stripping and sugar content in the bark and the bast of European beech (Fagus sylvatica)

Kurek¹,

Todys²,

Pazdrowski

et al. 2019

Open Life Sciences

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“…Jacoby et al () noted partial cambial dieback on the northern side of Siberian pines from a tree‐line site in the Tarvagatay Mountains of central Mongolia and suggested that northerly winds were the likely driver of dieback on these trees, which were growing on a north‐facing slope. Prevailing surface wind was also found to be a dominant contributor to dieback in P. aristata trees from other environments (Boyce & Lubbers, ; Schauer et al, ). Regardless, the preponderance of dieback on the southern base of trees with and without spiral grain suggests that the dominant stressor affects primarily the south‐facing side of trees.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The factors initiating cambial dieback in trees likely depend on a suite of environmental hazards and physiological traits. Strong winds can cause localized injury to a stem via blowing ice or dirt particles that abrade leaves or shoots or more directly through tree swaying and root mortality (Beasley & Klemmedson, 1973;Boyce & Lubbers, 2011;LaMarche, 1969;Schauer et al, 2001). As a result, some high-elevation trees experience dieback along the side exposed to prevailing winds (Jacoby et al, 1996;Schauer et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strip‐Bark Morphology and Radial Growth Trends in Ancient Pinus sibirica Trees From Central Mongolia

et al. 2018

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Some of the oldest and most important trees used for dendroclimatic reconstructions develop strip‐bark morphology, in which only a portion of the stem contains living tissue. Yet the ecophysiological factors initiating strip bark and the potential effect of cambial dieback on annual ring widths and tree‐ring estimates of past climate remain poorly understood. Using a combination of field observations and tree‐ring data, we investigate the causes and timing of cambial dieback events in Pinus sibirica strip‐bark trees from central Mongolia and compare the radial growth rates and trends of strip‐bark and whole‐bark trees over the past 515 years. Results indicate that strip bark is more common on the southern aspect of trees, and dieback events were most prevalent in the 19th century, a cold and dry period. Further, strip‐bark and whole‐bark trees have differing centennial trends, with strip‐bark trees exhibiting notably large increases in ring widths at the beginning of the 20th century. We find a steeper positive trend in the strip‐bark chronology relative to the whole‐bark chronology when standardizing with age‐dependent splines. We hypothesize that localized warming on the southern side of stems due to solar irradiance results in physiological damage and dieback and leads to increasing tree‐ring increment along the living portion of strip‐bark trees. Because the impact of cambial dieback on ring widths likely varies depending on species and site, we suggest conducting a comparison of strip‐bark and whole‐bark ring widths before statistically treating ring‐width data for climate reconstructions.

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“…For instance, the oaks comprising the European long chronologies regularly display a striking pattern of normal growth interspersed with prolonged growth depression (reviewed by Scharnweber et al 2015). The root death that commonly initiates the bark-stripping modes of growth in bristlecone pine is often associated with soil disturbances (Boyce and Lubbers 2011). At other times, the "collateral damage" from the postulated disturbances, though of course not conventionally recognized as such, is even more extreme.…”

Section: Disturbance-caused Narrowings and Widenings Of Individual Trmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tree ring disturbance clustering for the collapse of long tree-ring chronologies

Woodmorappe¹

2018

PICC

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The Disturbance-Clustering hypothesis, first introduced here, posits that geographically-demarcated subtly-perturbed tree rings had induced the affected trees to crossmatch not in accordance with climatic signals, as is assumed in conventional dendrochronology. They instead crossmatch only within a geographic cluster of like-perturbed trees, and not with those of other clusters or with any of the remaining unaffected climatically-governed trees. During chronologybuilding, these clusters became connected with each other, into an artificially-long chronology, by means of rarelyoccurring fortuitously-crossmatching "bridge" series. An experiment involving fifteen ostensibly heterochronous ancient trees graphically supports this hypothesis. Merely one-per-decade individual-ring perturbations induce all fifteen series to form a self-clustering, robust false master chronology (common variance), moreover to which each series crossmatches to an almost-entirely-convincing degree (nearly all featuring all the important statistics, and including segment-by-segment correspondence of the curves). Significantly, and as experimentally demonstrated in this paper, at least 3 of every 10 disturbances can be omitted in some series, and a robust master chronology still develops. What's more, the construction of the master chronology is not dependent upon the presence of any series that has the full complement of disturbances. Clearly, modestly-disturbed series could adequately have served as the "core" of a cluster of disturbed trees, just as required by the Disturbance-Clustering hypothesis. Furthermore, the previously-introduced now-called Migrating-Disturbance Hypothesis does not require a literal repetition of events in time. A lateral movement of disturbances over centuries is sufficient, as is illustrated. The Swedish and Finnish (Lapland) long Scots pine chronologies have a number of internal discontinuities. While not invalidating the chronologies, these discontinuities provide possible clues to their deconstruction. KEY WORDS Dendrochronology, multimillennial chronology, bristlecone pine, Scots pine, old-Earth challenges, carbon 14 dating, dendrogeomorphology, groundwater

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Bark-stripping patterns in bristlecone pine (Pinus aristata) stands in Colorado, USA¹

Cited by 5 publications

References 18 publications

Intensity of stripping and sugar content in the bark and the bast of European beech (Fagus sylvatica)

Intensity of stripping and sugar content in the bark and the bast of European beech (Fagus sylvatica)

Strip‐Bark Morphology and Radial Growth Trends in Ancient Pinus sibirica Trees From Central Mongolia

Tree ring disturbance clustering for the collapse of long tree-ring chronologies

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Bark-stripping patterns in bristlecone pine (Pinus aristata) stands in Colorado, USA1

Cited by 5 publications

References 18 publications

Intensity of stripping and sugar content in the bark and the bast of European beech (Fagus sylvatica)

Intensity of stripping and sugar content in the bark and the bast of European beech (Fagus sylvatica)

Strip‐Bark Morphology and Radial Growth Trends in Ancient Pinus sibirica Trees From Central Mongolia

Tree ring disturbance clustering for the collapse of long tree-ring chronologies

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Product

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Bark-stripping patterns in bristlecone pine (Pinus aristata) stands in Colorado, USA¹