Bark extract influence on spore germination in corticolous lichen Xanthoria parietina in vitro

Larsen, Hanne Marie Ellegård; Rasmussen, Henrik

doi:10.1007/s11557-021-01673-0

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…2013 b ). Larsen & Rasmussen (2021) recently showed the importance of high bark pH for ascospore germination in the sexually reproducing Xanthoria parietina , which may also be the case for E. pedicellatum spores (Cornejo et al . 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The globally threatened epiphytic cyanolichenErioderma pedicellatumdepends on a rare combination of habitat factors

2022

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Lichen extinction occurs at rapid rates as a result of human activity, although species could potentially be rescued by conservation management based on ecophysiological knowledge. The boreal old forest cyanolichen Erioderma pedicellatum currently occurs in few sites worldwide. To protect it from extinction, it is essential to learn more about it. The last remaining good European site is a canyon with a waterfall, in a low-rainfall region of Norway. Here, a spatially restricted population of 1500–2000 thalli dominates the epiphytic vegetation of a small number of Picea abies canopies. We were able to document that 1) E. pedicellatum grew on thin branches with higher bark pH than is normal for P. abies in a canyon that provided an unusual combination of very high light, high air humidity, and cool temperatures in the growing season. However, the species did not inhabit the main waterfall spray zone. 2) Erioderma pedicellatum had a high light saturation point, high CO2 uptake at high light (≥ 600 μmol m−2 s−1) and cool temperatures (5–20 °C), and experienced strong suprasaturation depression of photosynthesis when fully hydrated. 3) It showed good tolerance of desiccation and high light; it was slightly more tolerant than the morphologically similar, but more common cyanolichen Pectenia plumbea. 4) The European population in its sunny habitat had higher water holding capacity than previously recorded in slightly shaded rainforest populations in Newfoundland, consistent with acclimation to compensate for high evaporative demands. Understanding the ecological niche and responses to critical environmental factors is essential for action plans to avoid extinction of E. pedicellatum. Methods used in this study could also be applicable for ecological understanding of other threatened lichen species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The globally threatened epiphytic cyanolichenErioderma pedicellatumdepends on a rare combination of habitat factors

2022

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“…A strong preference for specific phorophytes has been extensively reported in vascular epiphytes (Cortés‐Anzúres et al., 2020; Pecoraro et al., 2021; Spicer & Woods, 2022). Because successful seed germination and seedling recruitment are necessary prerequisites for successful epiphytism establishment (Rasmussen et al., 2015), both abiotic and biotic factors affecting seed germination can be expected to have a major impact on partner breadth and availability (Larsen & Rasmussen, 2021; Spicer et al., 2022; Tay et al., 2023; Zarate‐García et al., 2020). However, the extent to which abiotic and biotic factors influence epiphyte–phorophyte interactions remains to be fully elucidated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phorophyte preference of an epiphytic orchid (Dendrobium wangliangii) is independent of orchid mycorrhizal fungi that promote seed germination

Zhao,

Mou,

Zhao

et al. 2024

Journal of Ecology

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Epiphytism is an example of an obligate interspecific interaction between plants, where a plant species grows on another plant species for physical support. In epiphytic orchids that rely on suitable host tree species (phorophytes) and mycorrhizal fungi for germination and growth, a distinct preference has been observed for particular host tree species. However, the factors driving this host preference remain unclear. In this study, we investigated whether mycorrhizal fungi that promote seedling development determine the preference of phorophytes in the epiphytic orchid Dendrobium wangliangii. First, we identified the preferred host tree species for this orchid. Next, in vitro and in situ germination experiments were conducted to identify potential fungi that promote seed germination. Finally, high‐throughput sequencing was used to assess the distribution of these fungi on both colonized host trees and potential host trees, including individual trees of the host species not yet colonized by the orchid and trees of another species growing in the vicinity of a colonized tree. Dendrobium wangliangii exhibited a preference for trees within the Fagaceae family. Two Fusarium species from the bark of host trees were identified as the primary fungi that promote seed germination. Successful protocorm formation and seedling development were observed exclusively on preferred phorophytes. Fungal community analyses further indicated that both Fusarium spp. occurred on all potential host trees, suggesting that the host preference of this epiphytic orchid is not constrained by the distribution of suitable mycorrhizal fungi. Synthesis: Regarding the epiphytes that depend on mycorrhizal fungi for successful seedling recruitment, we conclude that strong epiphyte–phorophyte associations do not arise from the limited distribution of mycorrhizal fungi but are more likely the result of other factors inherent in the phorophyte environment.

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“…For epiphytes, suitability of tree bark is modified by the chemical environment experienced by the tree, including precipitation and uptake from the soil, as well as tree-species specific buffering capacities (e.g., [ 161 , 162 , 163 ]). Such effects can be also strong on spore colonization, not visible to the human eye [ 164 ]. Its regional variations include, for example, marine sediments and natural “sea spray” in oceanic areas that reduce the acidity of tree bark [ 50 , 161 , 165 ].…”

Section: Causal Mechanisms: Ecophysiology and Demographic Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regionally Varying Habitat Relationships in Lichens: The Concept and Evidence with an Emphasis on North-Temperate Ecosystems

Lõhmus

Motiejūnaitė

Lõhmus

2023

JoF

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Habitat ecology of lichens (lichen-forming fungi) involves diverse adaptations to stressful environments where lichens use specific habitat conditions. Field observations confirm that such habitat ‘preferences’ can vary significantly across species’ distribution ranges, sometimes revealing abrupt changes over short distances. We critically review and generalize such empirical evidence as broad ecological patterns, link these with the likely physiological mechanisms and evolutionary processes involved, and outline the implications for lichen conservation. Non-replicated correlative studies remain only suggestive because the data are frequently compromised by sampling bias and pervasive random errors; further noise is related to unrecognized cryptic species. Replicated evidence exists for three macroecological patterns: (a) regional limiting factors excluding a species from a part of its microhabitat range in suboptimal areas; (b) microhabitat shifts to buffer regionally adverse macroclimates; (c) substrate suitability changed by the chemical environment, notably air pollution. All these appear to be primarily buffering physiological challenges of the adverse conditions at the macrohabitat scale or, in favorable environments, coping with competition or predation. The roles of plasticity, adaptation, dispersal, and population-level stochasticity remain to be studied. Although lichens can inhabit various novel microhabitats, there is no evidence for a related adaptive change. A precautionary approach to lichen conservation is to maintain long-term structural heterogeneity in lichen habitats, and consider lichen ecotypes as potential evolutionarily significant units and a bet-hedging strategy for addressing the climate change-related challenges to biodiversity.

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Bark extract influence on spore germination in corticolous lichen Xanthoria parietina in vitro

Cited by 4 publications

References 55 publications

The globally threatened epiphytic cyanolichenErioderma pedicellatumdepends on a rare combination of habitat factors

The globally threatened epiphytic cyanolichenErioderma pedicellatumdepends on a rare combination of habitat factors

Phorophyte preference of an epiphytic orchid (Dendrobium wangliangii) is independent of orchid mycorrhizal fungi that promote seed germination

Regionally Varying Habitat Relationships in Lichens: The Concept and Evidence with an Emphasis on North-Temperate Ecosystems

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