Barium Salts of Tetrazole Derivatives – Synthesis and Characterization

Abstract

The compounds barium tetrazolate (6), barium 5-aminotetrazolate tetrahydrate (7), barium 5-nitriminotetrazolate dihydrate (8), barium bis(1H-5-nitriminotetrazolate) tetrahydrate (9), barium 1-methyl-5-nitriminotetrazolate monohydrate (10), and barium 2-methyl-5-nitriminotetrazolate dihydrate (11) were synthesized by the reactions of barium hydroxide octahydrate and 1H-tetrazole (1), 5-aminotetrazole (2), 1,4H-5-nitriminotetrazole (3), 1-methyl-5-nitriminotetrazole (4), and 2-methyl-5-nitraminotetrazole (5), respectively. The compounds were characterized using multi-nuclear NMR spectroscopy, vibrational (IR and Raman) spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. The solid-state structures of 7 -11 were determined using low temperature X-ray diffraction and a comprehensive characterization is given. In addition, the sensitivities (impact, friction, electrical discharge) of 6 -11 were investigated and bomb calorimetric measurements were carried out.

A Review of Illuminating Pyrotechnics

“…Although bis-tetrazolates 7 and 8 are monohydrates, outgasing does not occur when both compounds are subjected to the vacuum thermal stability (VTS) test. This is likely due to the fact that the water molecule contained in these compounds is coordinated to the metal, as has been determined by x-ray diffraction (XRD) [15]. Such an interaction allows the water molecule to remain in the crystal lattice, even at elevated temperature.…”

Advances Toward the Development of “Green” Pyrotechnics

“…Although bis-tetrazolates G and H are monohydrates, outgassing does not occur when both compounds are subjected to the vacuum thermal stability (VTS) test. This is likely due to the fact that the water molecule contained in these compounds is coordinated to the metal, as has been determined by x-ray diffraction (XRD) [17]. Such an interaction allows the water molecule to remain in the crystal lattice, even at elevated temperature.…”

“…Koch et al have reported on red-light emitting formulations (17)(18)(19)(20), summarized in Table 4.19, with their dominant wavelengths and spectral purities given in Table 4.20. As observed in formulations 17-20, the addition of aluminum to the pyrotechnic mixture effectively serves as a chlorine scavenger in the reaction (Eq.…”

facile, highly efficient and novel method for synthesis of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles catalysed by copper(I) chloride

“…Tetrazoles have a wide range of applications in pharmaceutical chemistry (Butler, 1984); they exhibit strong activities as anti-candida (Kaplancıklı et al, 2014a), antimicrobial (Yıldırır et al, 2009;Ç elik et al, 2013;Dişli et al, 2013), anti-proliferative (Kaplancıklı et al, 2014b), analgesic and antifungal preparations (Ahmad Malik et al, 2012). Furthermore, these nitrogenrich ring systems possess many applications in material science, including propellants (Damavarapu et al, 2010), explosives (Chen & Xiao, 1999) and photography (Frija et al, 2010).…”