Barite deposition resulting from phototrophic sulfide-oxidizing bacterial activity

Senko, John M.; Campbell, Brian S.; Henriksen, James R.; Elshahed, Mostafa S.; Dewers, Thomas; Krumholz, Lee R.

doi:10.1016/j.gca.2003.07.008

Cited by 72 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…As a result of light exposure and constant high sulfide concentrations, microbial mats of differing structures are visible throughout the spring. It has been shown that due to phototrophically driven sulfide oxidation mediated by the spring microbial community, barite and calcite are formed throughout the spring and as mineral crusts located on the bank of an adjacent creek (55). These crusts appear to precipitate from sulfide-laden groundwater that percolates out of the creek banks.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of the Microeukaryotic Community in Sulfide-Rich Zodletone Spring (Oklahoma)

Luo¹,

Krumholz²,

Najar

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The microeukaryotic community in Zodletone Spring, a predominantly anaerobic sulfide and sulfur-rich spring, was examined using an 18S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing approach. The majority of the 288 clones sequenced from three different locations at Zodletone Spring belonged to the Stramenopiles, Alveolata, and Fungi, with members of the phylum Cercozoa, order Diplomonadida, and family Jakobidae representing a minor fraction of the clone library. No sequences suggesting the presence of novel kingdom level diversity were detected in any of the three libraries. A large fraction of stramenopile clones encountered were monophyletic with either members of the genus Cafeteria (order Bicosoecida) or members of the order Labyrinthulida (slime nets), both of which have so far been encountered mainly in marine habitats. The majority of the observed fungal clone sequences belonged to the ascomycetous yeasts (order Saccharomycetales), were closely related to yeast genera within the Hymenobasidiomycetes (phylum Basidiomycetes), or formed a novel fungal lineage with several previously published or database-deposited clones. To determine whether the unexpected abundance of fungal sequences in Zodletone Spring clone libraries represents a general pattern in anaerobic habitats, we generated three clone libraries from three different anaerobic settings (anaerobic sewage digester, pond sediment, and hydrocarbon-exposed aquifer sediments) and partially sequenced 210 of these clones. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that clone sequences belonging to the kingdom Fungi represent a significant fraction of all three clone libraries, an observation confirmed by phospholipid fatty acid and ergosterol analysis. Overall, this work reveals an unexpected abundance of Fungi in anaerobic habitats, describes a novel, yet-uncultured group of Fungi that appears to be widespread in anaerobic habitats, and indicates that several of the previously considered marine protists could also occur in nonmarine habitats.The utilization of culture-independent approaches for describing microbial assemblages in various ecosystems has altered our view on the breadth of prokaryotic diversity. For example, by extensive 16S rRNA gene-based analysis of various marine and terrestrial ecosystems, the number of bacterial divisions and candidate divisions has increased from 12 in 1987 (68) to at least 52 (53). Similarly, numerous novel archaeal lineages, many of which have a global distribution, have been detected in both marine (11) and terrestrial (7) ecosystems.Recently, a similar approach utilizing small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene amplification, cloning, and sequencing has been applied to study eukaryotic diversity. The few available studies primarily examined the microeukaryotic community in different marine environments, including the photic and aphotic zones of pelagic oceans (12,13,25,39,43,61), anoxic marine salt marsh sediments (60), and hydrothermal vents (17,38). Collectively, these studies suggest an unexpected level of diversity with the detection of sequen...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of the Microeukaryotic Community in Sulfide-Rich Zodletone Spring (Oklahoma)

Luo¹,

Krumholz²,

Najar

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…These phases could consist either of barite (BaSO 4 ) or barium sulfides (e.g., BaS). On the one hand, the formation of barite here may connect with the activity of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria [88][89][90]. On the other hand, it has been proposed that sulfate-reducing bacteria may contribute to the precipitation of barium sulfides [91].…”

Section: Microorganisms: Mineral Interactions Down To the Deep Monimomentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineralogical Diversity in Lake Pavin: Connections with Water Column Chemistry and Biomineralization Processes

et al. 2016

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Abstract:As biominerals are good tracers of microbial interactions with the environment, they may provide signatures of microbial evolution and paleoenvironmental conditions. Since modern analogues of past environments help with defining proxies and biosignatures, we explored microbe mineral interactions in the water column of a maar lake, located in France: Lake Pavin. This lake is considered as a potential Precambrian ocean analogue, as it is ferruginous and meromictic, i.e., stratified with a superficial O 2 -rich layer (mixolimnion) and a deeper permanently anoxic layer (monimolimnion). We combined bulk chemical analyses of dissolved and particulate matter in combination with electron microscopy analyses of the particulate matter at different depths along the water column. The mineralogy changed along with water chemistry, and most of the minerals were intimately associated with microorganisms. Evolution of the redox conditions with depth leads to the successive precipitation of silica and carbonates, Mn-bearing, Fe-bearing and S-containing phases, with a predominance of phosphates in the monimolimnion. This scheme parallels the currently-assessed changes of microbial diversity with depth. The present results corroborate previous studies that suggested a strong influence of microbial activity on mineralogical diversity through extracellular and intracellular biomineralization. This paper reports detailed data on mineralogical profiles of the water column and encourages extended investigation of these processes.

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“…Zodletone Spring in southwestern Oklahoma is a mesophilic spring characterized by high dissolved sulfide and sulfur concentrations throughout its course, an abundance of microbial mats that harbor a complex bacterial community, and high concentrations of short-chain gaseous alkanes (methane, ethane, and propane), especially at the source of the spring (19,53). Activity studies and molecular characterization of the bacterial community at several locations along the spring have revealed a highly diverse bacterial population involved in phototrophically driven sulfur-cycling processes (19).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of Archaeal Diversity Reveals an Abundance of HalophilicArchaeain a Low-Salt, Sulfide- and Sulfur-Rich Spring

Elshahed¹,

Najar²,

Roe³

et al. 2004

Appl Environ Microbiol

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112

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The archaeal community in a sulfide-and sulfur-rich spring with a stream water salinity of 0.7 to 1.0% in southwestern Oklahoma was studied by cloning and sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. Two clone libraries were constructed from sediments obtained at the hydrocarbon-exposed source of the spring and the microbial mats underlying the water flowing from the spring source. Analysis of 113 clones from the source library and 65 clones from the mat library revealed that the majority of clones belonged to the kingdom Euryarchaeota, while Crenarchaeota represented less than 10% of clones. Euryarchaeotal clones belonged to the orders Methanomicrobiales, Methanosarcinales, and Halobacteriales, as well as several previously described lineages with no pure-culture representatives. Those within the Halobacteriales represented 36% of the mat library and 4% of the source library. All cultivated members of this order are obligately aerobic halophiles. The majority of halobacterial clones encountered were not affiliated with any of the currently described genera of the family Halobacteriaceae. Measurement of the salinity at various locations at the spring, as well as along vertical gradients, revealed that soils adjacent to spring mats have a much higher salinity (NaCl concentrations as high as 32%) and a lower moisture content than the spring water, presumably due to evaporation. By use of a high-saltplus-antibiotic medium, several halobacterial isolates were obtained from the microbial mats. Analysis of 16S rRNA genes indicated that all the isolates were members of the genus Haloferax. All isolates obtained grew at a wide range of salt concentrations, ranging from 6% to saturation, and all were able to reduce elemental sulfur to sulfide. We reason that the unexpected abundance of halophilic Archaea in such a low-salt, highly reduced environment could be explained by their relatively low salt requirement, which could be satisfied in specific locations of the shallow spring via evaporation, and their ability to grow under the prevalent anaerobic conditions in the spring, utilizing zero-valent sulfur compounds as electron acceptors. This study demonstrates that members of the Halobacteriales are not restricted to their typical high-salt habitats, and we propose a role for the Halobacteriales in sulfur reduction in natural ecosystems.

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Barite deposition resulting from phototrophic sulfide-oxidizing bacterial activity

Cited by 72 publications

References 48 publications

Diversity of the Microeukaryotic Community in Sulfide-Rich Zodletone Spring (Oklahoma)

Diversity of the Microeukaryotic Community in Sulfide-Rich Zodletone Spring (Oklahoma)

Mineralogical Diversity in Lake Pavin: Connections with Water Column Chemistry and Biomineralization Processes

Survey of Archaeal Diversity Reveals an Abundance of HalophilicArchaeain a Low-Salt, Sulfide- and Sulfur-Rich Spring

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