Barfly: Sculpting membranes at the <i>Drosophila</i> neuromuscular junction

Oh, Eun Hae; Robinson, Iain

doi:10.1002/dneu.20923

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 166 publications

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“…In wild‐type larval NMJs, a branching parent bouton normally has no more than two new branches . Mutants that exhibit the satellite bouton phenotype have parent boutons with 3–5 small boutons budding from the parent bouton (Figure (e) and (f)). Satellite boutons are also seen budding off from the axonal segment that connects two adjacent boutons .…”

Section: Nmj Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and plasticity of the Drosophila larval neuromuscular junction

Menon

Carrillo

Zinn

2013

WIREs Developmental Biology

204

215

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The Drosophila larval neuromuscular system is relatively simple, containing only 32 motor neurons in each abdominal hemisegment, and its neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) are large, individually specified, and easy to visualize and record from. NMJ synapses exhibit developmental and functional plasticity while displaying stereotyped connectivity. Drosophila Type I NMJ synapses are glutamatergic, while the vertebrate NMJ uses acetylcholine as its primary neurotransmitter. The larval NMJ synapses use ionotropic glutamate receptors (GluRs) that are homologous to AMPA-type glutamate receptors in the mammalian brain, and they have postsynaptic scaffolds that resemble those found in mammalian postsynaptic densities. These features make the Drosophila neuromuscular system an excellent genetic model for the study of excitatory synapses in the mammalian central nervous system. The first section of the review presents an overview of NMJ development. The second section describes genes that regulate NMJ development, including: 1) genes that positively and negatively regulate growth of the NMJ; 2) genes required for maintenance of NMJ bouton structure; 3) genes that modulate neuronal activity and alter NMJ growth; 4) genes involved in trans-synaptic signaling at the NMJ. The third section describes genes that regulate acute plasticity, focusing on translational regulatory mechanisms. Since this review is intended for a developmental biology audience, it does not cover NMJ electrophysiology in detail, and does not review genes for which mutations produce only electrophysiological but no structural phenotypes.

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Section: Nmj Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and plasticity of the Drosophila larval neuromuscular junction

Menon

Carrillo

Zinn

2013

WIREs Developmental Biology

204

215

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“…This mechanism depends on Wit and Sax/Tkv, but not on transcription and is inhibited by Dlp (Glypican) tubular-lamellar membrane folds that envelops the presynaptic bouton [214][215][216][217] that has been described as the structural and functional equivalent of dendritic spines at the Drosophila NMJ [218]. Another notable regulator of SSR expansion is Syndapin (Synd), a member of the F-BAR family of membrane-sculpting proteins [219,220] that appears to exclusively postsynaptic where it likely mediates SSR development by regulating the muscle actin cytoskeleton [221,222]. Development of the SSR also requires additional actinregulatory proteins concentrated in the postsynaptic cytomatrix, including hu-li tai shao (Hts)/Adducin, an actin-capping protein [223][224][225], and Enabled (Ena) [226], which promotes the assembly of linear F-actin; other key cytoskeletal regulators of SSR morphogenesis include both pre-and postsynaptic Spectrin [227,228] and presynaptic Ankyrin [229,230].…”

Section: The Postsynaptic Cytomatrixmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synapse development and maturation at the drosophila neuromuscular junction

2020

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Synapses are the sites of neuron-to-neuron communication and form the basis of the neural circuits that underlie all animal cognition and behavior. Chemical synapses are specialized asymmetric junctions between a presynaptic neuron and a postsynaptic target that form through a series of diverse cellular and subcellular events under the control of complex signaling networks. Once established, the synapse facilitates neurotransmission by mediating the organization and fusion of synaptic vesicles and must also retain the ability to undergo plastic changes. In recent years, synaptic genes have been implicated in a wide array of neurodevelopmental disorders; the individual and societal burdens imposed by these disorders, as well as the lack of effective therapies, motivates continued work on fundamental synapse biology. The properties and functions of the nervous system are remarkably conserved across animal phyla, and many insights into the synapses of the vertebrate central nervous system have been derived from studies of invertebrate models. A prominent model synapse is the Drosophila melanogaster larval neuromuscular junction, which bears striking similarities to the glutamatergic synapses of the vertebrate brain and spine; further advantages include the simplicity and experimental versatility of the fly, as well as its century-long history as a model organism. Here, we survey findings on the major events in synaptogenesis, including target specification, morphogenesis, and the assembly and maturation of synaptic specializations, with a emphasis on work conducted at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction.

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“…The orchestration of these biological phenomena hinges on the dynamic interplay between membrane dynamics and the underlying cytoskeleton, primarily composed of actin and microtubule networks (Mallik and Kumar, 2018; Safari and Suetsugu, 2012; Stanishneva-Konovalova et al, 2016). Several proteins, including Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs161/167 (BAR) domain proteins, are recognized as critical modulators for inducing membrane dynamics (Mallik et al, 2022; Oh and Robinson, 2012; Richnau et al, 2004). The BAR domain, known to form functional dimers, binds to negatively charged membranes, generating curvature crucial for various cellular events (Peter et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DrosophilaAsap regulates cellular protrusions via dArf6-dependent actin regulatory pathway

Kushwaha,

Mallik,

Mushtaq

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Membrane protrusions are fundamental to cellular functions like migration, adhesion, and communication and depend upon the dynamic reorganization of the cytoskeleton. The GAP-dependent GTP hydrolysis of Arf proteins regulates actin-dependent membrane remodeling. Here, we show that the dAsap regulates membrane protrusions in S2R+ cells by a mechanism that critically relies on its ArfGAP domain and re-localization of actin regulators, SCAR, and Ena. While our data reinforce the preference of dAsap for Arf1 GTP hydrolysis in vitro, we demonstrate that induction of membrane protrusions in S2R+ cells depends on Arf6 inactivation. This study furthers our understanding of how dAsap-dependent GTP hydrolysis maintains a balance between active and inactive states of dArf6 to regulate cell shape.

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Barfly: Sculpting membranes at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction

Cited by 5 publications

References 166 publications

Development and plasticity of the Drosophila larval neuromuscular junction

Development and plasticity of the Drosophila larval neuromuscular junction

Synapse development and maturation at the drosophila neuromuscular junction

DrosophilaAsap regulates cellular protrusions via dArf6-dependent actin regulatory pathway

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