Barbarea vulgaris linkage map and quantitative trait loci for saponins, glucosinolates, hairiness and resistance to the herbivore Phyllotreta nemorum

Kuzina, Vera; Nielsen, Jens Kvist; Augustin, Jorg; Torp, Anna Maria; Bak, Søren; Andersen, S. B.

doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2010.11.007

Cited by 55 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 75 publications

(87 reference statements)

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“…This suggests that the G and P types belong to different evolutionary groups that have been reproductively isolated from each other for quite some time, long enough for a degree of reproductive incompatibility to evolve (Toneatto et al 2010). The genetic differentiation is further supported by recent QTL analysis, which shows that the phenotypic trait associations of the two plant types are caused by strong linkage disequilibrium (Kuzina et al 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The resistant G type additionally differs from the susceptible P type by producing different glucosinolates (Agerbirk et al 2003) and flavonoids (Dalby-Brown et al 2011), by having fewer chromocenters in somatic cells (Ørgaard and Linde-Laursen 2007), and by a somewhat different phenology (Agerbirk et al 2001(Agerbirk et al , 2003Toneatto et al 2010). Recent genetic analyses have shown that the Danish G and P-type plants are quite divergent, somewhat reproductively incompatible (Toneatto et al 2010), and that resistance, hairiness and one of the differentiating glucosinolates are not physically linked, but associated by strong linkage disequilibrium (Kuzina et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic and geographic structure of an insect resistant and a susceptible type of Barbarea vulgaris in western Europe

2011

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Interactions between herbivores and plants are believed to have been important drivers of biodiversity. However, to drive an initial resistance divergence into different evolutionary lineages and taxa, these interactions have probably been embedded in other processes of divergence, like allopatric isolation. The cruciferous plant Barbarea vulgaris ssp. arcuata occurs in Denmark in two types: one (G) is resistant to most genotypes of the flea beetle Phyllotreta nemorum, the other (P) is susceptible. The two types additionally differ in hairiness and glucosinolates, they are genetically strongly divergent, and reproduction between them is reduced. To determine whether the two plant types and their resistance polymorphisms are also present outside Denmark, and to understand how they have evolved, we analysed 33 European populations of B. vulgaris for resistance, hairiness, glucosinolates, and microsatellite markers. Most populations had traits indicative of the G type, including the already characterized Danish G populations. In contrast, only two populations outside Denmark were of the P type; one from northern Sweden and one from Estonia. Genetically, the G populations formed two genetic clusters that were strongly divergent from a genetic cluster containing P populations. A fourth genetic cluster, which contained only a single population and no Danish plants, belonged morphologically to the subspecies ssp. vulgaris. The divergence found in Denmark between a resistant G and a susceptible P type is thus part of a larger divergence in Europe. Judging from the trait correlations, genetic divergence, and partial reproductive incompatibility, the plant types must have been isolated from each other for quite some time. The two P populations outside Denmark came from the north and east, suggesting a more eastern distribution. If so, resistant and susceptible types could have diverged during the ice age and later met in Scandinavia. However, more samples from Eastern Europe are needed to clarify this.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and geographic structure of an insect resistant and a susceptible type of Barbarea vulgaris in western Europe

2011

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“…This correlational structure was suggested to indicate network-level competition for photoassimilates that is consistent across tomato species (Schauer et al, 2006). The correlational approach has also been used to rapidly link metabolite variation to insect resistance in nonmodel systems (Kuzina et al, 2011). Thus, the use of genetic correlations has the ability to convey phenotypic insight about metabolite roles in planta.…”

Section: Network Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Natural variation of plant metabolism: genetic mechanisms, interpretive caveats, evolutionary and mechanistic insights.

Soltis

Kliebenstein

2015

Plant Physiol.

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Combining quantitative genetics studies with metabolomics/metabolic profiling platforms, genomics, and transcriptomics is creating significant progress in identifying the causal genes controlling natural variation in metabolite accumulations and profiles. In this review, we discuss key mechanistic and evolutionary insights that are arising from these studies. This includes the potential role of transport and other processes in leading to a separation of the site of mechanistic causation and metabolic consequence. A reilluminated observation is the potential for genomic variation in the organelle to alter phenotypic variation alone and in epistatic interaction with the nuclear genetic variation. These studies are also highlighting new aspects of metabolic pleiotropy both in terms of the breadth of loci altering metabolic variation as well as the potential for broader effects on plant defense regulation of the metabolic variation than has previously been predicted. We also illustrate caveats that can be overlooked when translating quantitative genetics descriptors such as heritability and per-locus r 2 to mechanistic or evolutionary interpretations.

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“…PCR products obtained using primers mapPSfor and sepSrev (UGT73C9 to -C11), mapPSfor and sepIIrev (UGT73C12/C13), or Inf and dCapsAvaII (UGT73C11) were digested with EcoRV, BsaJI, AvaII, or PciI to discriminate between UGT73C9, UGT73C10, UGT73C11, and UGT73C13, respectively. Data were scored and analyzed as described by Kuzina et al (2011).…”

Section: Phylogenetic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is the only species in this economically important family known to produce saponins. B. vulgaris has further diverged into two separate evolutionary lineages (types; Hauser et al, 2012;Toneatto et al, 2012) that produce different saponins, glucosinolates, and flavonoids (Agerbirk et al, 2003b;Dalby-Brown et al, 2011;Kuzina et al, 2011). Saponins of the one plant type make plants resistant to the yellow-striped flea beetle (Phyllotreta nemorum), diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella), and other important crucifer specialist herbivores (Renwick, 2002); therefore, it has been suggested to utilize such plants as a trap crop to diminish insect damage (Badenes-Perez et al, 2005).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

UDP-Glycosyltransferases from the UGT73C Subfamily in Barbarea vulgaris Catalyze Sapogenin 3-O-Glucosylation in Saponin-Mediated Insect Resistance

et al. 2012

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Triterpenoid saponins are bioactive metabolites that have evolved recurrently in plants, presumably for defense. Their biosynthesis is poorly understood, as is the relationship between bioactivity and structure. Barbarea vulgaris is the only crucifer known to produce saponins. Hederagenin and oleanolic acid cellobioside make some B. vulgaris plants resistant to important insect pests, while other, susceptible plants produce different saponins. Resistance could be caused by glucosylation of the sapogenins. We identified four family 1 glycosyltransferases (UGTs) that catalyze 3-O-glucosylation of the sapogenins oleanolic acid and hederagenin. Among these, UGT73C10 and UGT73C11 show highest activity, substrate specificity and regiospecificity, and are under positive selection, while UGT73C12 and UGT73C13 show lower substrate specificity and regiospecificity and are under purifying selection. The expression of UGT73C10 and UGT73C11 in different B. vulgaris organs correlates with saponin abundance. Monoglucosylated hederagenin and oleanolic acid were produced in vitro and tested for effects on P. nemorum. 3-Ob-D-Glc hederagenin strongly deterred feeding, while 3-O-b-D-Glc oleanolic acid only had a minor effect, showing that hydroxylation of C23 is important for resistance to this herbivore. The closest homolog in Arabidopsis thaliana, UGT73C5, only showed weak activity toward sapogenins. This indicates that UGT73C10 and UGT73C11 have neofunctionalized to specifically glucosylate sapogenins at the C3 position and demonstrates that C3 monoglucosylation activates resistance. As the UGTs from both the resistant and susceptible types of B. vulgaris glucosylate sapogenins and are not located in the known quantitative trait loci for resistance, the difference between the susceptible and resistant plant types is determined at an earlier stage in saponin biosynthesis.

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Barbarea vulgaris linkage map and quantitative trait loci for saponins, glucosinolates, hairiness and resistance to the herbivore Phyllotreta nemorum

Cited by 55 publications

References 75 publications

Genetic and geographic structure of an insect resistant and a susceptible type of Barbarea vulgaris in western Europe

Genetic and geographic structure of an insect resistant and a susceptible type of Barbarea vulgaris in western Europe

Natural variation of plant metabolism: genetic mechanisms, interpretive caveats, evolutionary and mechanistic insights.

UDP-Glycosyltransferases from the UGT73C Subfamily in Barbarea vulgaris Catalyze Sapogenin 3-O-Glucosylation in Saponin-Mediated Insect Resistance

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