BaP/BPDE suppressed endothelial cell angiogenesis to induce miscarriage by promoting MARCHF1/GPX4-mediated ferroptosis

Defective Homologous Recombination Repair By Up‐Regulating Lnc‐HZ10/Ahr Loop in Human Trophoblast Cells Induced Miscarriage

“…To compare the differences and explore the pathogenesis of unexplained recurrent miscarriage (RM), in our previous studies, [ 7 , 8 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 38 ] we have performed total transcriptome sequencing using villous tissue samples of unexplained RM group and their matched healthy control (HC) group. In this sequencing data, we found that BRCA1, a key protein that functions as a classical endogenous HR repair protein, [ 50 ] was significantly lowly expressed in RM, relative to HC tissues (Figure S1A , Supporting Information).…”

“…To confirm this, in this study, we newly collected RM and HC villous tissue samples (each n = 20), as the methods described previously. [ 7 , 8 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 38 ] The RM group had experienced two or more consecutive unexplained spontaneous miscarriages; and the known causes, such as chromosomal abnormalities, hormonal abnormalities, and uterine deformation, had been excluded. [ 7 , 8 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 38 ] Then, RT‐qPCR and Western blot analysis confirmed that the expression levels of BRCA1, as well as of another important HR repair protein, RAD51, [ 51 , 52 , 53 ] were lower in RM versus in HC villous tissues ( Figure 1 A–D ).…”

“…In our recent work, we have identified that inhibition in trophablast cell proliferation, migration/invasion or the increase in trophoblast cell apoptosis is associated with RM. [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ] However, whether other dysfunctions of human trophoblast cells might also induce miscarriage should be further explored.…”

Polystyrene Nanoplastics Activate Autophagy and Suppress Trophoblast Cell Migration/Invasion and Migrasome Formation to Induce Miscarriage

“…The protein degradation assays were performed as the methods described previously. 79 Briefly, trophoblast cells were first treated with 100 μg/mL of PS-NPs for 14 h. Then, cells were incubated in a fresh medium containing 10 μg/mL of CHX for 4 h and then treated with 10 μM MG132 (proteasome inhibitor) or 15 μM CQ (lysosomal blocker) for another 6 h. Afterward, the total proteins were extracted and analyzed by Western blotting. These experiments were independently performed thrice.…”

“…These assays were performed as described previously . SOX2 protein stability was measured in cells treated with cycloheximide (CHX), an inhibitor of protein synthesis .…”