Banning carbon nanotubes would be scientifically unjustified and damaging to innovation

Heller, Daniel A.; Jena, Prakrit V.; Pasquali, Matteo; Kostarelos, Kostas; Delogu, Lucia Gemma; Meidl, Rachel E.; Rotkin, Slava V.; Scheinberg, David A.; Schwartz, Robert E.; Terrones, Mauricio; Wang, YuHuang; Bianco, Alberto; Boghossian, Ardemis A.; Cambré, Sofie; Cognet, Laurent; Corrie, Simon R.; Demokritou, Philip; Giordani, Silvia; Hertel, Tobias; Ignatova, Tetyana; Islam, Mohammad F.; Iverson, Nicole M.; Jagota, Anand; Janas, Dawid; Kono, Junichiro; Kruss, Sebastian; Landry, Markita P.; Li, Yan; Martel, Richard; Maruyama, Shigeo; Naumov, Anton V.; Prato, Maurizio; Quinn, Susan J.; Roxbury, Daniel; Strano, Michael S.; Tour, James M.; Weisman, R. Bruce; Wenseleers, Wim; Yudasaka, Masako

doi:10.1038/s41565-020-0656-y

Cited by 78 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…However, it is noted that we have only studied one type of MWCNTs, and one cannot extrapolate the findings to other types of single or multi-walled CNTs. Indeed, grouping all CNTs into one material category is scientifically unjustified and may hinder innovation [ 57 , 58 ]. Therefore, further studies are needed to fully address the physicochemical properties that are responsible for the observed biological or toxicological effects of CNTs [ 10 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profiling of Sub-Lethal in Vitro Effects of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Reveals Changes in Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors

et al. 2021

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Engineered nanomaterials are potentially very useful for a variety of applications, but studies are needed to ascertain whether these materials pose a risk to human health. Here, we studied three benchmark nanomaterials (Ag nanoparticles, TiO2 nanoparticles, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes, MWCNTs) procured from the nanomaterial repository at the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission. Having established a sub-lethal concentration of these materials using two human cell lines representative of the immune system and the lungs, respectively, we performed RNA sequencing of the macrophage-like cell line after exposure for 6, 12, and 24 h. Downstream analysis of the transcriptomics data revealed significant effects on chemokine signaling pathways. CCR2 was identified as the most significantly upregulated gene in MWCNT-exposed cells. Using multiplex assays to evaluate cytokine and chemokine secretion, we could show significant effects of MWCNTs on several chemokines, including CCL2, a ligand of CCR2. The results demonstrate the importance of evaluating sub-lethal concentrations of nanomaterials in relevant target cells.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profiling of Sub-Lethal in Vitro Effects of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Reveals Changes in Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors

et al. 2021

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“…as possibly carcinogenic for humans ( 5 ). The numerous applications of other CNT justify the need of carefully characterizing the mesotheliomagenic potential ( 30 , 31 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monocytic Ontogeny of Regenerated Macrophages Characterizes the Mesotheliomagenic Responses to Carbon Nanotubes

et al. 2021

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Macrophages are not only derived from circulating blood monocytes or embryonic precursors but also expand by proliferation. The origin determines macrophage fate and functions in steady state and pathological conditions. Macrophages predominantly infiltrate fibre-induced mesothelioma tumors and contribute to cancer development. Here, we revealed their ontogeny by comparing the response to needle-like mesotheliomagenic carbon nanotubes (CNT-7) with tangled-like non-mesotheliomagenic CNT-T. In a rat peritoneal cavity model of mesothelioma, both CNT induced a rapid macrophage disappearance reaction (MDR) of MHCIIlow resident macrophages generating an empty niche available for macrophage repopulation. Macrophage depletion after mesotheliomagenic CNT-7 was followed by a substantial inflammatory reaction, and macrophage replenishment completed after 7 days. Thirty days after non-mesotheliomagenic CNT-T, macrophage repopulation was still incomplete and accompanied by a limited inflammatory reaction. Cell depletion experiments, flow cytometry and RNA-seq analysis demonstrated that, after mesotheliomagenic CNT-7 exposure, resident macrophages were mainly replaced by an influx of monocytes, which differentiated locally into MHCIIhigh inflammatory macrophages. In contrast, the low inflammatory response induced by CNT-T was associated by the accumulation of self-renewing MHCIIlow macrophages that initially derive from monocytes. In conclusion, the mesotheliomagenic response to CNT specifically relies on macrophage niche recolonization by monocyte-derived inflammatory macrophages. In contrast, the apparent homeostasis after non-mesotheliomagenic CNT treatment involves a macrophage regeneration by proliferation. Macrophage depletion and repopulation are thus decisive events characterizing the carcinogenic activity of particles and fibres.

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“…This is likely the result of the concerns raised over their morphological similarity to asbestos fibers, even though it is demonstrated that chemical functionalization [ 79 ] and fine control over the hydrogel stiffness [ 80 ] can alleviate their pathogenicity. Furthermore, given the large diversity of available CNT types [ 70 ], and the fact that their biocompatibility depends on a plethora of factors [ 81 ], it becomes apparent that alarming generalizations that pose innovation barriers should be avoided [ 82 ].…”

Section: Recent Advancements On Hydrogels With Carbon Nanomaterials For Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Hydrogels Meet Carbon Nanomaterials for New Frontiers in Medicine

2021

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Carbon nanomaterials include diverse structures and morphologies, such as fullerenes, nano-onions, nanodots, nanodiamonds, nanohorns, nanotubes, and graphene-based materials. They have attracted great interest in medicine for their high innovative potential, owing to their unique electronic and mechanical properties. In this review, we describe the most recent advancements in their inclusion in hydrogels to yield smart systems that can respond to a variety of stimuli. In particular, we focus on graphene and carbon nanotubes, for applications that span from sensing and wearable electronics to drug delivery and tissue engineering.

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Banning carbon nanotubes would be scientifically unjustified and damaging to innovation

Abstract: Banning carbon nanotubes would be scientifically unjustified and damaging to innovation. Nature Nanotechnology, (2020). 15.

Cited by 78 publications

References 37 publications

Profiling of Sub-Lethal in Vitro Effects of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Reveals Changes in Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors

Profiling of Sub-Lethal in Vitro Effects of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Reveals Changes in Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors

Monocytic Ontogeny of Regenerated Macrophages Characterizes the Mesotheliomagenic Responses to Carbon Nanotubes

Smart Hydrogels Meet Carbon Nanomaterials for New Frontiers in Medicine

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