Banking Sector Development and Energy Consumption in Nigeria: Exploring the Causal Relationship and its Implications

Abstract

This study examines the causal relationship between banking sector development and energy consumption in Nigeria over the period 1971-2013 incorporating crude oil price and indicators of economic performance. An autoregressive distributed lag bounds testing approach to cointegration provides evidence of long-run relationship among the variables. The long-run and short-run estimates suggest that a non-linear inverted U-shaped relationship exists between banking sector development and energy consumption in Nigeria, indicating that initially, energy consumption increases as the banking sector develops and then declines as the banking sector matures to generate efficiency in energy consumption. In addition, this study explores the direction of causality between the variables using the Toda-Yamamoto Granger causality test procedure. The results suggest that a unidirectional causality runs from crude oil price to banking sector development, from banking sector development to energy consumption and from energy consumption to economic growth. It may therefore be necessary for policy makers in Nigeria to incorporate banking sector development in the energy and sustainable economic policies.

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