Bandwidth limitations of broadband distributed Raman fiber amplifiers for WDM systems

Krummrich, Peter M.; Neuhauser, R.E.; Glingener, C.

doi:10.1364/ofc.2001.mi3

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 1 publication

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The second stage is the same as the one used for the C+L-band RA. Note that distributing the pumps into two sequential stages reduces the strong depletion of shorter wavelength pumps [36]. The multiband input optical signal (17.6 THz/140.7 nm) is generated by combining the optical signal from the C+L-band with a supercontinuum S-band source [37] and a single frequency laser operating at 185 THz.…”

Section: B S+c+l-band Raman Amplifiermentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi–Band Programmable Gain Raman Amplifier

Moura

Iqbal

Kamalian

et al. 2021

J. Lightwave Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Optical communication systems, operating in C-band, are reaching their theoretically achievable capacity limits. An attractive and economically viable solution to satisfy the future data rate demands is to employ the transmission across the full low-loss spectrum encompassing O, E, S, C and L band of the single mode fibers (SMF). Utilizing all five bands offers a bandwidth of up to ∼53.5 THz (365 nm) with loss below 0.4 dB/km. A key component in realizing multi-band optical communication systems is the optical amplifier. Apart from having an ultra-wide gain profile, the ability of providing arbitrary gain profiles, in a controlled way, will become an essential feature. The latter will allow for signal power spectrum shaping which has a broad range of applications such as the maximization of the achievable information rate × distance product, the elimination of static and lossy gain flattening filters (GFF) enabling a power efficient system design, and the gain equalization of optical frequency combs. In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate a multiband (S+C+L) programmable gain optical amplifier using only Raman effects and machine learning. The amplifier achieves >1000 programmable gain profiles within the range from 3.5 to 30 dB, in an ultra-fast way and a very low maximum error of 1.6 • 10 −2 dB/THz over an ultrawide bandwidth of 17.6-THz (140.7-nm). Index Terms-optical communications, multi-band systems, optical amplifiers, machine learning, neural networks. I. INTRODUCTION O VER the past two decades, a great evolution of optical communication systems, in terms of spectral efficiency×distance product, has been enabled by the advances in digital coherent detection. So far, most of the efforts, on reaching the capacity of the nonlinear fiber-optic channel, have been focusing on the C-band

show abstract

Section: B S+c+l-band Raman Amplifiermentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi–Band Programmable Gain Raman Amplifier

Moura

Iqbal

Kamalian

et al. 2021

J. Lightwave Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However they cause an overall nonlinear SNR penalty due to high power at the beginning of the fiber span [43] and an increased relative intensity noise (RIN) transfer between pumps and signals [45]. Additional considerations need to be taken to understand other potential limiting factors due to pump-pump and pump-signal interactions [47]. One of the most potentially detrimental ones is represented by pump-pump and pump-signal four-wave mixing (FWM) [48], [49].…”

Section: B Optical Amplificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunities and Challenges of C+L Transmission Systems

Cantono

Schmogrow

Newland

et al. 2020

J. Lightwave Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

C+L open line systems represent a cost-effective way to scale backbone network capacity. In this article, we review challenges and opportunities for C+L line systems stemming from Google's experience in designing, deploying, and operating a global C+L open optical network. We discuss business, operational, and technical aspects of C+L systems, and describe best practices for designing C+L links. Finally, we compare C and C+L systems, showing how the latter not only conceal capacity penalties but can even increase, depending on the deployed fiber types, the total system capacity with respect to two parallel C-band only systems.

show abstract

“…However, due to pump to pump Raman interactions, the long wavelength pumps are amplified by the short wavelength ones [6,10]. This leads to much higher power demands on short wavelength pumps [7,8]. During propagation through the Raman fiber in counter directionally pumped fiber Raman amplifier (FRA), long wavelength signals encounter Raman gain much earlier than the short wavelength counterparts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%