Bandwidth determines modulatory effects of centrifugal pathways on cochlear hearing desensitization caused by loud sound

Abstract

Centrifugal olivocochlear (OC) pathways modulate cochlear hearing losses induced in cats by loud sounds varying in bandwidth from tones to clicks and noise bands, in a variety of conditions. The general effect, always to reduce hearing damage, can be a net effect resulting from complex interactions between OC subcomponents (crossed and uncrossed OC pathways). The interactions between these subcomponents vary with type of loud sound, suggesting that sound bandwidth may be important in determining how OC pathways modulate loud sound-induced hearing loss. This dependency was examined and here it is reported that OC pathways do not alter cochlear hearing losses caused by loud noise with a 2-kHz-wide bandwidth intermediate between the loud sounds of previous studies. Increasing stimulus bandwidth even slightly more, to use a loud 3.5-kHz-wide bandwidth noise as the damaging sound, once again revealed OC modulation of cochlear hearing loss. The fact that OC pathways do not modulate cochlear hearing losses induced by loud 2-kHz-wide noise was demonstrated in three very different test conditions in which OC pathways modulate hearing losses caused by narrower or broader bandwidth sounds. This confirmed that the absence of centrifugal modulation of hearing loss to this particular sound was a robust phenomenon not related to test condition. The absence of overall centrifugal effects was also true at the level of subcomponent pathways; neither crossed nor uncrossed OC pathways individually modulated cochlear hearing losses to the loud 2-kHz-wide noise. This surprising frequency dependency has general implications for centrifugal modulation of cochlear responses.