Banding and microstructural features in laser cladding of a 304 substrate using 316 powder

Ea, Torres; Apolinário, Luis Henrique Rodrigues; Araújo, Helen Rodrigues; Picchi, Ivan B. M.; Santos, Tiago Felipe de Abreu

doi:10.1007/s00170-020-06418-z

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In conditions where G/R is high, the formation of flat and cellular interfaces is promoted, while for lower G/R, the formation of columnar and equiaxed dendrites begins. [135]. For arc and laser welding, the values of G range from 10 4 to 10 5 K/m and 10 5 to 10 7 K/m, respectively, while those of R vary between 10 -5 to 10 -2 m/s and 10 -5 to 10 m/s, respectively [136].…”

Section: Martensitementioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural characterization martensitic stainless-steel coatings deposited by laser metal deposition

Rodriguez,

Silva,

Torres

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Additive manufacturing (AM) technology, characterized by layer-by-layer deposition, is emerging as an alternative to produce parts, typically with complex geometries, and has recently become an option for mass production. This technology has been adopted by several industries due to its ability to save material resources and processing time. In addition, it could lead to component weight reduction, design optimization and the development of new materials. Among the AM processes, laser metal deposition (LMD) offers a high build rate and allows for larger deposition volumes compared to powder bed-based technology, resulting in lower manufacturing costs. Several industries, such as aerospace and defense, have focused on the use of LMD due to the opportunities for cost savings, increased productivity, and repair of large mechanical components. In particular, LMD could be used in the aerospace industry for the manufacture and repair of engines, turbines and propulsion systems, space shuttles, communications satellites. Currently, several types of metals, including important engineering materials such as steel, aluminum, and titanium, can be used to produce parts with high levels of precision and excellent properties. The use of martensitic stainless steels has increased in the automotive, aerospace and defense industries, mainly due to their mechanical properties such as high flow resistance and reasonable ductility. However, the deposition of martensitic stainless steels using LMD presents challenges in the selection of parameters, morphology configurations and phase evolutions to ensure the required mechanical properties. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the deposition parameters for laser cladding using LMD with martensitic stainless steel AISI 431 powder. In addition, morphological aspects were analyzed. The microstructural evolution was assessed using optical and electron microscopy. The results show dilution values between 10 and 27% were found for power values between 1400 and 1600 W and laser beam velocities of 9, 14 and 16 mm/s. Microstructural characterization revealed martensite and ferrite phases in the depositions. Several factors influence the geometric and microstructural characteristics of the laser cladded deposits, such as the morphology and size distribution of the filler particles, the chemical composition of the materials, the flow rate and deposition method of the filler, and the power and beam speed of the laser.

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Section: Martensitementioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural characterization martensitic stainless-steel coatings deposited by laser metal deposition

Rodriguez,

Silva,

Torres

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…The fusion and diffusion leave an excellent bonding in between [1,2]. The laser cladding exhibits many advantages: less heat input, smaller heat-affected zone (HAZ), lower thermal deformation and dilution rate, fast cooling rate, perfect metallurgy bonding between the cladding layer and substrate, wonderful mechanical properties, high-precision geometrical characteristics of cladding layer, and facilitation in automation contrasting with the traditional welding procedure [3,4]. Hence, the marvelous idea is to provide various powder particles over the damaged surfaces to return to desired size and shape.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure evolution mechanism of single and multi-pass in laser cladding based on heat accumulation effect for invar alloy

Zhu

Chang³

et al. 2021

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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This work explores how the process parameters in laser cladding affect the evolution of the microstructure of the single pass and multi-pass cladding layers of Invar alloys. The research examined the cladding layers from three aspects: (1) the transformation of grain size, HAZ width, ratio of the columnar crystal to the equiaxed crystal, and change of Fe content of cladding layer; (2) the effects of heat accumulation on grain size, HAZ width and remelting zone; and (3) the hardness distribution of single pass and multi-pass cladding layers. The investigation has the following four findings: (1) the cladding layer is composed of equiaxed crystals at the top and columnar crystals at the bottom of cladding layer; (2) the processing parameters have significant effects on the width of the HAZ, proportion between the columnar and equiaxed crystals and the change of Fe content of cladding layer.(3) the gradual accumulation of heat causes the increase in HAZ width, the grain size, and the area of the remelting zone; and (4) the hardness progressively reduces from the top to bottom along the direction of the centerline of the cladding layer.

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Evaluation of mechanical performance and microstructural aspects of AISI 304 stainless steel welded joints produced by controlled short circuit GMAW and GTAW

Araújo

Apolinário

et al. 2022

Weld World

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Banding and microstructural features in laser cladding of a 304 substrate using 316 powder

Cited by 6 publications

References 41 publications

Microstructural characterization martensitic stainless-steel coatings deposited by laser metal deposition

Microstructural characterization martensitic stainless-steel coatings deposited by laser metal deposition

Microstructure evolution mechanism of single and multi-pass in laser cladding based on heat accumulation effect for invar alloy

Evaluation of mechanical performance and microstructural aspects of AISI 304 stainless steel welded joints produced by controlled short circuit GMAW and GTAW

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