Bandgap modulation of polyimide photocatalyst for optimum H2 production activity under visible light irradiation

Chu, Sheng Yuan; Wang, Ying; Wang, Cuicui; Yang, Juncheng; Zou, Zhigang

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.02.035

Cited by 79 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Here, we report a series of novel organic conjugated polymers (OCPs) that contain complexed non-noble metals for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. The high activity is likely due to favorable electron transfer and coordination of Fe 3 (CO) 12 with phenanthroline in the supramolecular OCPs. The photocatalyst performances were investigated for hydrogen evolution by using Fe 3 (CO) 12 as a water reduction catalyst.…”

Section: Structural Design Of Conjugated Poly (Ferrocene-phenanthrolimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a typical example, Cooper synthesized a series of pyrene-based microporous OCPs by adjusting the type and proportion of co-monomers. [9] Bipyridyl-based conjugated polymers (AQY = 1.8 %), [10] benzothiadiazole-based conjugated polymers (AQY = 5.38 %), [11] polyimide-based polymers (AQY = 0.2 %) [12] and other organic conjugated polymer photocatalysts were developed for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water, [13] but have not displayed highly efficient activities. Subsequently, Cooper developed a series of planarized conjugated polymer photocatalysts by introducing bridging fluorene units in linear phenylenes.…”

Section: Structural Design Of Conjugated Poly (Ferrocene-phenanthrolimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The conjugated chromophore polymers were synthesized by a Heck coupling between ferrocene and phenantholine derivatives, which absorb broadly, even up to the near-IR region. [9] Bipyridyl-based conjugated polymers (AQY = 1.8 %), [10] benzothiadiazole-based conjugated polymers (AQY = 5.38 %), [11] polyimide-based polymers (AQY = 0.2 %) [12] and other organic conjugated polymer photocatalysts were developed for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water, [13] but have not displayed highly efficient activities.In 2012 we demonstrated a new non-noble metal water reduction system that employed a heteroleptic copper complex as photosensitizer (PS) and a simple, cheap, and readily available iron carbonyl complex as a water reduction catalyst (WRC). H 2 evolution rates up to 212.4 mmol h À1 , with an apparent quantum yield of 10.3 % at 380 nm, were obtained with a photocatalyst polymer based on alternating ferrocene and 4,7-bisphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline units.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[6] The well-known advantage of organic conjugated photocatalysts is that their structures are easy to systematically adjust at the molecular level, so their physicochemical properties can be easily tuned. [9] Bipyridyl-based conjugated polymers (AQY = 1.8 %), [10] benzothiadiazole-based conjugated polymers (AQY = 5.38 %), [11] polyimide-based polymers (AQY = 0.2 %) [12] and other organic conjugated polymer photocatalysts were developed for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water, [13] but have not displayed highly efficient activities. [7] Interestingly, the optical gap of these co-polymers was between 1.94-2.95 eV, and the hydrogen evolution rate (HER) was up to 17.4 mmolh À1 under visible light, rather than ultraviolet irradiation, in the presence of sacrificial agents.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Structural Design of Conjugated Poly (ferrocene‐phenanthroline) for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution from Water

et al. 2018

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The discovery of highly efficient photocatalysts for water splitting remains a challenge of high importance. Here, we report a series of novel organic conjugated polymers (OCPs) that contain complexed non-noble metals for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. The conjugated chromophore polymers were synthesized by a Heck coupling between ferrocene and phenantholine derivatives, which absorb broadly, even up to the near-IR region. The photocatalyst performances were investigated for hydrogen evolution by using Fe 3 (CO) 12 as a water reduction catalyst. H 2 evolution rates up to 212.4 mmol h À1 , with an apparent quantum yield of 10.3 % at 380 nm, were obtained with a photocatalyst polymer based on alternating ferrocene and 4,7-bisphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline units. The high activity is likely due to favorable electron transfer and coordination of Fe 3 (CO) 12 with phenanthroline in the supramolecular OCPs.Limited fossil fuel reserves and serious environmental pollution require an urgent search for renewable green power sources. [1] Hydrogen gas generated by photochemical water splitting is a highly attractive option. To realize a light-driven hydrogenbased economy, the development of efficient, safe and cheap photocatalysts are required, but still remains a big challenge. During the past few decades, inorganic materials based on metals with d 0 or d 10 electronic configurations have been developed for water splitting, such as TiO 2 , [2] ZrO 2 , [3] CdS [4] and so on. [5] But their relatively limiting properties has impelled the development of metal-free photocatalysts for water splitting.Graphitic carbon nitride polymer (g-C 3 N 4 ) was discovered by Xinchen Wang's group in 2009, which shows activities for photocatalytic water splitting, and opens new prospects for the search of efficient and stable organic conjugated polymer photocatalysts. [6] The well-known advantage of organic conjugated photocatalysts is that their structures are easy to systematically adjust at the molecular level, so their physicochemical properties can be easily tuned. As a typical example, Cooper synthesized a series of pyrene-based microporous OCPs by adjusting the type and proportion of co-monomers. [7] Interestingly, the optical gap of these co-polymers was between 1.94-2.95 eV, and the hydrogen evolution rate (HER) was up to 17.4 mmolh À1 under visible light, rather than ultraviolet irradiation, in the presence of sacrificial agents. Subsequently, Cooper developed a series of planarized conjugated polymer photocatalysts by introducing bridging fluorene units in linear phenylenes. [8] The visible-lightdriven HER rose to 116 mmolh À1 when Pt was added as a cocatalyst, which was further enhanced to 145 mmolh À1 with l > 295 nm, and the apparent quantum yield (AQY) was up to 2.3 % at l = 420 nm. Recently, Hao Chen and co-workers have introduced diethynylbenzene into the backbone of linear polymers, which extended the absorption edge and showed an optimal HER of 180.7 mmolh À1 (AQY = 4.2 % at l = 420 nm) under l > 420 nm irradiation, ev...

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Section: Structural Design Of Conjugated Poly (Ferrocene-phenanthrolimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Structural Design Of Conjugated Poly (Ferrocene-phenanthrolimentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural Design of Conjugated Poly (ferrocene‐phenanthroline) for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution from Water

et al. 2018

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“…Chu et al reported crystalline polyimide (PI) via high temperature dehydration reaction between melamine (MA) and pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) (Figure 9) [45]. A series of PIs with different optical band gaps (2.56-3.39 eV) were synthesized and the degree of polymerization is controlled by tuning the heating temperature.…”

Section: Conjugated Microporous Polymers (Cmps)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Visible Light–Driven Hydrogen Production by Carbon based Polymeric Materials

Pati¹,

In²,

Tian³

2018

Visible-Light Photocatalysis of Carbon-Based Materials

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Converting solar energy into storable solar fuels such as H 2 from earth abundant sourcewater-is a nice approach to find the solution of energy crisis and environmental protection. There are two half reactions; first, water oxidation into oxygen and proton and followed by proton reduction led to H 2 evolution from water. After two decades of continuous attempts, there have been several efficient water oxidation photocatalysts introduced, whereas the proton reduction photocatalyst were relatively less explored. Major portion of reported photocatalysts for proton reduction are mainly derived from either noble metals or precious metals. Carbon-based organic photocatalysts have become attractive recently. These organic materials have several advantages like light weight, cheap, well-defined structure-property relationship and the most attractive one is better batch to batch reproducibility. Here, the reported organic photocatalysts and their performance are summarized which in fact help others to get an idea about ongoing progress in this area of research and to understand the basic designing principle for efficient photocatalysts for fuel production.

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Substantial Cyano‐Substituted Fully sp²‐Carbon‐Linked Framework: Metal‐Free Approach and Visible‐Light‐Driven Hydrogen Evolution

Lan

Paasch

et al. 2017

Adv Funct Materials

144

112

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Polymeric semiconductors are emerging as a kind of competitive photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution due to their well-tunable structures, versatile functionalization, and low-cost processibility. In this work, a series of conjugated porous polymers with substantial cyano-substituted fully sp 2 -carbon frameworks are efficiently synthesized by using electron-deficient tricyanomesitylene as a key building block to promote an organic base-catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation with various aldehyde-substituted arenes. The resulting porous polymers feature donor-acceptor structures with π-extended conjugation, rendering them with distinct semiconducting properties. They possess hierarchically porous structures, nanoscale morphologies, and intriguing wettability. These promising physical characters, finely tailorable by varying the arene units, are essentially relevant to the abundant cynao substituents over the whole frameworks. The as-prepared porous polymers exhibit excellent visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity for water-splitting hydrogen evolution with apparent quantum yield up to 2.0% at 420 nm or 1.9% at 470 nm, among the highest values yet reported for porous polymerbased photocatalysts, also representing the first example of such kinds of catalysts formed through a metal-free-catalyzed carbon-carbon coupling reaction.

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Bandgap modulation of polyimide photocatalyst for optimum H2 production activity under visible light irradiation

Cited by 79 publications

References 15 publications

Structural Design of Conjugated Poly (ferrocene‐phenanthroline) for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution from Water

Structural Design of Conjugated Poly (ferrocene‐phenanthroline) for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution from Water

Visible Light–Driven Hydrogen Production by Carbon based Polymeric Materials

Substantial Cyano‐Substituted Fully sp²‐Carbon‐Linked Framework: Metal‐Free Approach and Visible‐Light‐Driven Hydrogen Evolution

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Bandgap modulation of polyimide photocatalyst for optimum H2 production activity under visible light irradiation

Cited by 79 publications

References 15 publications

Structural Design of Conjugated Poly (ferrocene‐phenanthroline) for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution from Water

Structural Design of Conjugated Poly (ferrocene‐phenanthroline) for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution from Water

Visible Light–Driven Hydrogen Production by Carbon based Polymeric Materials

Substantial Cyano‐Substituted Fully sp2‐Carbon‐Linked Framework: Metal‐Free Approach and Visible‐Light‐Driven Hydrogen Evolution

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Substantial Cyano‐Substituted Fully sp²‐Carbon‐Linked Framework: Metal‐Free Approach and Visible‐Light‐Driven Hydrogen Evolution