Band Structure of Rhombohedral Graphite

Abstract

The band structure of rhombohedral graphite has been investigated using the nearest-neighbor tight-binding approximation. The resulting behavior of the π-bands near the Fermi surface is more complex than in the case of the Bernal stacking. The two π-bands still touch, but the touching points no longer lie on the edges of a hexagonal prism in k-space. Instead, they lie on cylinders whose axes are the edges of the hexagonal prism. The radii of these cylinders are proportional to γ1, the nearest "out-of-plane" exchange integral. The de Haas – Van Alphen effect in the rhombohedral structure may be expected to yield useful information about the magnitude of γ1.

Electronic states and Landau levels in graphene stacks

“…Furthermore, the electronic structure of the conduction band in graphene and bulk graphite is well described by a tight binding model which includes hopping between the π orbitals in Carbon atoms, neglecting the remaining atomic orbitals which give rise to the σ bands in graphite 11,15,16,17,18,19,20 . It is known that the low energy electronic structure depends on the stacking order in bulk samples 21,22,23,24,25,26 .…”

Electronic Structure of Few-Layer Graphene: Experimental Demonstration of Strong Dependence on Stacking Sequence

“…Our results reveal strikingly different 2D band structure in these two polytypes, reflecting underlying difference in symmetry. In rhombohedral FLG, the lower crystallographic symmetry compared with the usual Bernal stacking leads to energy bands with extrema shifted away from the K-point [15]. This gives rise to 1D-like van Hove singularities in the joint density of states (JDOS) [8] and to prominent optical absorption peaks.…”

“…bands at E min ≈ 0.30 eV, which occurs away from the K-point because of the lower crystallographic symmetry of the rhombohedral structure [15].…”

Multilayer graphenes with mixed stacking structure: Interplay of Bernal and rhombohedral stacking

“…In three-dimensional bulk graphite, there are two distinct crystal configurations called Bernal (ABAB · · ·), [1][2][3][4][5][6] and rhombohedral (ABCABC · · ·) stacking [7][8][9] as illustrated in Fig. 1.…”