Band structure effects in the energy loss of low-energy protons and deuterons in thin films of Pt

The contribution of inner electron excitation to the electronic stopping power of palladium for protons

“…It can be seen from the figure that the energy of the 4d band is extended to the Fermi energy of Pd, so the excitation of 4d-electron does not display a threshold effect. 34,59,60 However, there are significant energy intervals for the 4s and 4p bands apart from the Fermi energy. The threshold velocity can be calculated using the following equation:where Δ denotes the band offset, i.e.…”

Low- and intermediate-energy stopping power of protons and antiprotons in solid targets

“…by antiprotons [31][32][33] and by protons [34][35][36][37][38]) beards the theoretical developments. The expected linear dependence with the velocity, the influence of d-electron excitation and the density of electrons involved in the projectile loss of energy, have attracted many of the stopping power experimental efforts in the last years [39][40][41][42][43][44][45]. The theoretical work on low energy stopping is extensive, such as by the groups of Echenique [46,47], Nagy [48][49][50], Arista [17,[51][52][53], Cabrera-Trujillo [54], and more recently Kadyrov [18,55] and Grande [56].…”

“…Instead, we skip here groups 7 to 12, where d-electrons play a quasi FEG role depending on the impact velocity. There are very interesting targets that have been an object of extensive experimental research in the last decade, focused on targets such as Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Cu, Au, or Zn [39][40][41][42][43][44][45].…”

Note on measuring electronic stopping of slow ions

“…There is a large amount of experimental data involving a wide variety of target materials, and, most important, There has been great interest lately in the threshold behavior of stopping cross sections [8,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38] with implications on fundamental atomic and solid-state physics.…”