Band structure and optical properties of black phosphorus

Asahina, Hideo; Morita, Akira

doi:10.1088/0022-3719/17/11/006

Cited by 187 publications

(154 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…As carbon atoms in graphene, each phosphorus atom is connected to three adjacent phosphorus atoms in BP to form a stable, linked ring structure, with each ring consisting of six phosphorus atoms. However, the puckered BP structure has reduced symmetry compared with graphite, resulting in its unique angle-dependent in-plane conductivities [33][34][35][36] . The adjacent layer spacing is around 0.53 nm and the lattice constant in this orthorhombic system along the z direction is 1.05 nm.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rediscovering black phosphorus as an anisotropic layered material for optoelectronics and electronics

2014

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Graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are the two major types of layered materials under intensive investigation. However, the zero-bandgap nature of graphene and the relatively low mobility in TMDCs limit their applications. Here we reintroduce black phosphorus (BP), the most stable allotrope of phosphorus with strong intrinsic in-plane anisotropy, to the layered-material family. For 15-nm-thick BP, we measure a Hall mobility of 1,000 and 600 cm 2 V À 1 s À 1 for holes along the light (x) and heavy (y) effective mass directions at 120 K. BP thin films also exhibit large and anisotropic in-plane optical conductivity from 2 to 5 mm. Field-effect transistors using 5 nm BP along x direction exhibit an on-off current ratio exceeding 10 5 , a field-effect mobility of 205 cm 2 V À 1 s À 1 , and good current saturation characteristics all at room temperature. BP shows great potential for thin-film electronics, infrared optoelectronics and novel devices in which anisotropic properties are desirable.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rediscovering black phosphorus as an anisotropic layered material for optoelectronics and electronics

2014

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“…Among the most promising of these 2D materials is an allotrope of phosphorus, known as black phosphorus (BP) [5][6][7][8][9][10][11], which is that element's most stable crystal at room temperature and pressure. In bulk, BP is a narrow-gap semiconductor with a orthorhombic structure that consists of atoms covalently bound into layers coupled by van der Waals interactions [12][13][14][15]. Similar to graphene, BP can be mechanically exfoliated to obtain samples with a few or single layers, with the latter being known as phosphorene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landau levels of single-layer and bilayer phosphorene

2015

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In this work we introduce a low-energy Hamiltonian for single-layer and bilayer black phosphorus that describes the electronic states at the vicinity of the point. The model is based on a recently proposed tight-binding description for electron and hole bands close to the Fermi level. We calculate expressions for the Landau-level spectrum as function of magnetic field, and in the case of bilayer black phosphorus we investigate the effect of an external bias on the electronic band gap. The results showcase the highly anisotropic character of black phosphorus, and in particular for bilayer BP, the presence of bias allows for a field-induced semiconductor-metal transition.

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“…2,21 Lattice dynamical properties of black phosphorus including phonon dispersion relations were obtained 22 using a valence force field method.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of van der Waals interactions on the structural and elastic properties of black phosphorus

et al. 2012

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The structural and elastic properties of orthorhombic black phosphorus have been investigated using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory. The structural parameters have been calculated using the local density approximation (LDA), the generalized gradient approximation (GGA), and with several dispersion corrections to include van der Waals interactions.It is found that the dispersion corrections improve the lattice parameters over LDA and GGA in comparison with experimental results. The calculations reproduce well the experimental trends under pressure and show that van der Waals interactions are most important for the crystallographic b-axis, in the sense that they have the largest effect on the bonding between the phosphorus layers.The elastic constants are calculated and are found to be in good agreement with experimental values. The calculated C 22 elastic constant is significantly larger than the C 11 and C 33 parameters, implying that black phosphorus is stiffer against strain along the a-axis than along the b-and

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Band structure and optical properties of black phosphorus

Cited by 187 publications

References 16 publications

Rediscovering black phosphorus as an anisotropic layered material for optoelectronics and electronics

Rediscovering black phosphorus as an anisotropic layered material for optoelectronics and electronics

Landau levels of single-layer and bilayer phosphorene

Effect of van der Waals interactions on the structural and elastic properties of black phosphorus

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