Band-gap properties of two-dimensional low-index photonic crystals

Abstract

We study the bandgap properties of twodimensional photonic crystals created by a lattice of rods or holes conformed in a symmetric or asymmetric triangular structure. Using the plane-wave analysis, we calculate a minimum value of the refractive index contrast for opening both partial and full two-dimensional spectral gaps for both TM and TE polarized waves. We also analyze the effect of ellipticity of rods and holes and their orientation on the threshold value and the relative size of the bandgap.

Self-collimation and beam splitting in low-index photonic crystals

“…Photonic crystals with high-refractive-index contrast have been suggested, fabricated and employed to create mirrors based on the photonic band gap, and in conjunction with defect structures, resonators, waveguides, couplers, and splitters [1][2][3]. However, the well established lower limit of the refractive-index contrast (dn ' 1.31) required to produce a spectral band gap in two-dimensional photonic crystals [4] sets a fundamental limit on the materials used to manufacture photonic-crystal devices utilizing the photonic band gap.…”

Photonic band gap structures for ITU-T G 694.1 systems

“…In the literature, the band gap calculation is reported for square [15][16][17][18] and triangular lattice [14,[19][20][21] using circular [16,17], square and rotational square [18], hexagonal and rotational hexagonal [20], elliptical and rectangular rods [14]. In addition, the attempt is made to calculate of PBG structure for switching applications [15] and integrated optic communication systems [16].…”

Efficient mode-order conversion using a photonic crystal structure with low symmetry

“…These aspects of PCs have been studied previously in Refs. [11][12][13][14][15]. Regular PCs can be used for the design of compact waveguides by positioning a line defect inside the PC structure [10].…”