Banana Peel Applied to the Solid Phase Extraction of Copper and Lead from River Water: Preconcentration of Metal Ions with a Fruit Waste

Abstract

This article reports on an investigation into the ability of minced banana peel to extract lead and copper ions from water and the parameters involved in this process. The kinetics of copper and lead uptake reached equilibrium in 10 min and the extraction of metals ions was favorable above pH 3. The medium was characterized by FTIR, which showed absorption bands of carboxylic and amine groups at 1730 and 889 cm1, respectively. The adsorption isotherm fitted by Langmuir’s model showed maximum adsorption capacities of 0.33 and 0.20 mmol g−1 (or 20.97 and 41.44 mg g−1) for Cu(II) and Pb(II), respectively. Minced banana peel was applied in the preconcentration system and showed approximately 20-fold enrichment factor and the column was reused for 11 cycles without loss in the percentage of recovery. The proposed method was applied in the determination of Cu(II) and Pb(II) in a sample of raw river water and was validated by comparison with a standard reference material.

Characterizing Fruit and Vegetable Peels as Bioadsorbents

“…This low surface area of FVP is a characteristic of carbonaceous materials 22 . Sometimes, the operational complexity involved in degassing lignocellulosic samples, results in low surface area 3 .…”

Polyurethane composite adsorbent using solid phase extraction method for preconcentration of metal ion from aqueous solution

“…4) reveal that the PCAD polymeric material can be applied easily in extraction experiments in acidic-neutral medium, because it showed more than 70 % average recovery for all the metal ions in the pH range of 5.0-8.0 and having the maximum recovery at pH 7. At a pH value of above 5, the main group responsible for metal extraction, carboxylic acids (El-Sayed et al 2010: Castro et al 2011, is protonated due to the high concentration of H ? species.…”

“…Numerous technologies involving adsorbents have been applied as preconcentration adsorbents for metal ions, including alumina (Li et al 2002;Absalan and Mehrdjardi 2003), activated carbon (AC) (Ensafi et al 2003;Gupta et al 2012a, b;Olorundare et al 2012), C18 cartridge silica, chelex-100 (Ferri and Sangiorgio 1996), polyurethane foam (Anthemidis et al 2002;Pinto et al 2004), microcrystalline naphthalene (Candir et al 2008;Elci et al 2008), nanoparticles (Gupta and Nayak 2012;Sanghavi et al 2013), silica gel (Akl et al 2004), cyclodextrins CDs (Krause et al 2010), zeolites (Ngah et al 2012), and clay (Kiliaris and Papaspyrides 2010). However, the development of purification and extraction methods using these adsorbents for the enrichment of metal ions in environmental samples has been a challenge due to drawbacks which have limited their application for effective monitoring and curtailments of pollutants in the environment (Pinto et al 2004;Alkan et al 2008;Castro et al 2011). Recently, there has been a growing interest in environmentally safe application of these adsorbent materials (Pinto et al 2004(Pinto et al , 2005.…”

Attachment of 2,2-bipyridine onto a silica gel for application as a sequestering agent for copper, cadmium and lead ions from an aqueous medium

“…The eluates were collected in polyethylene fl asks, followed by metals species determination by FAAS. After the determination of preconcentration factor the system was applied in the preconcentration of 50 mL of natural water sample, which was mineralized as described in a previously published work 21, 22 . This step was necessary to remove the infl uence of organic matter 23 .…”