Banana-based beverages in East and Central Africa –  a money-maker for rural male and female value-chain actors?

Kakuru, Medard; Rietveld, Anne M.; Mbabazi, Emmerentian; Ajambo, Susan

doi:10.17660/actahortic.2018.1196.28

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In Rwanda and Burundi, banana and potato are both food and cash crops while sweet potato and cassava are cultivated mainly for home consumption. Banana is important for cash-generation in both Rwanda and Burundi, especially the beer-banana type, which is processed into several types of beverages, [2]. Annual production of banana, cassava, potato and sweet potato in Rwanda and Burundi is estimated at 1.729 (Rwanda) vs 1.239 (Burundi), 1.042 vs 2.294, 0.846 vs 0.151 and 1.079 vs 0.712 million tons, respectively in 2017 [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RTBs are predominantly produced by smallholder farm households in mixed farming systems [9]. There are important gender differences in intra-household roles and responsibilities with regards to RTB production, processing and commercialisation in the African Great Lakes region; men and women having distinct sets of tasks and contrasting levels of control over these crops [2,[10][11][12]. Sikod [13] states that intra-household division of labour is an economic strategy to position the household to meet its needs, although it is often done in ways that can constrain development .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of women in production and management of RTB crops in Rwanda and Burundi: Do men decide, and women work?

Okonya¹,

Mudege²,

Rietveld³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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This paper evaluates the determinants of decision making in relation to the production of four crops (banana, cassava, potato and sweet potato). Understanding the division of labour and decision-making in crop management may lead to designing better interventions targeted at improving efficiency in smallholder agriculture. A household quantitative survey with heads of households involving 261 women and 144 men in Burundi and 184 women and 222 men in Rwanda was conducted in 2014. Most of the decisions and labour provision during production of both cash crops (potato and banana) and food crops (sweet potato and cassava) were done jointly by men and women in male-headed households. Higher values for ‘credit access’, ‘land size’ and ‘farming as the main occupation of the household head’ increased the frequency of joint decision-making in male-headed households. A decline in the amount of farm income reduced the participation of men as decision makers. A reduction in total household income and proximity to the market was correlated with joint decision making. Gender norms also contributed to the lower participation of women in both decision-making and labour provision in banana and potato cultivation. Although a large proportion of decisions were made jointly, women perceived that men participate more in decision-making processes within the household during the production of cash crops. Increased participation by women in decision-making will require an active and practical strategy which can encourage adjustments to existing traditional gender norms that recognise men as the main decision-makers at both the household and community levels.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of women in production and management of RTB crops in Rwanda and Burundi: Do men decide, and women work?

Okonya¹,

Mudege²,

Rietveld³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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show abstract

“…Results for testing of heteroscedasticity of variances were as follows: Ho: Constant variance, Variables: Fitted values of RTB decision-maker, chi 2 (1) = 0.01 and Prob > chi 2 = 0.9344. In the regression model, skewing of regressors or measurement errors can result in error terms not having a constant variance, in which case they are said to be heteroscedastic [45].…”

Section: Testing For Heteroscedasticitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Rwanda and Burundi, bananas and potatoes are both food and cash crops while sweet potatoes and cassava are cultivated mainly for home consumption. Bananas are important for cash-generation in both Rwanda and Burundi, especially the beer-banana type, which farmers process into several types of beverages [2]. Annual production values for RTBs in 2017 (Rwanda and Burundi) were as follows: Banana (1.73 million tonnes (MT)); 1.24 MT, cassava (1.04; 2.29 MT), potato (0.85 MT; 0.15 MT), and sweet potato (1.08; 0.71 MT) [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are important gender differences in intra-household roles and responsibilities with regards to RTB production, processing, and commercialization in the African Great Lakes region. Men and women have distinct sets of tasks and different levels of control over these crops [2,[10][11][12]. Sikod [13] states that the intra-household division of labor is an economic strategy to position the household to meet its needs, although households often divide labor in ways that can constrain development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Role of Women in Production and Management of RTB Crops in Rwanda and Burundi: Do Men Decide, and Women Work?

Okonya

Mudege

Rietveld³

et al. 2019

Sustainability

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This paper evaluates the determinants of decision-making in relation to the production of four crops (banana, cassava, potato, and sweet potato). Understanding the division of labor and decision-making in crop management may lead to designing better interventions targeted at improving efficiency in smallholder agriculture. In 2014, the research team conducted a quantitative household survey with heads of households involving 261 women and 144 men in Burundi and 184 women and 222 men in Rwanda. Most of the decisions and labor provision during the production of both cash crops (potato and banana) and food crops (sweet potato and cassava) were done jointly by men and women in male-headed households. Higher values for ‘credit access’, ‘land size’, and ‘farming as the main occupation of the household head’ increased the frequency of joint decision-making in male-headed households. A decline in the amount of farm income reduced the participation of men as decision-makers. A reduction in total household income and proximity to the market was correlated with joint decision-making. Gender norms also contributed to the lower participation of women in both decision-making and labor provision in banana and potato cultivation. Although a large proportion of decisions were made jointly, women perceived that men participate more in decision-making processes within the household during the production of cash crops. Increased participation by women in decision-making will require an active and practical strategy which can encourage adjustments to existing traditional gender norms that recognize men as the main decision-makers at both the household and community levels.

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Changing Dynamics in the Spread and Management of Banana Xanthomonas Wilt Disease in Uganda Over Two Decades

Kubiriba

Erima

Tugume

et al. 2023

Phytobiomes Journal

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Banana Xanthomonas wilt (BXW) is a destructive disease caused by Xanthomonas vasicola pv. musacearum (Xvm) bacterium that indiscriminately infects all banana varieties grown in East and Central Africa (ECA). In this region, BXW was first reported in 2001 in Uganda and was projected to eliminate >90% of Uganda’s bananas worth US$4 billion if not controlled in less than 10 years. Lack of basic information led to application of control approaches that were based on similarity of BXW symptoms to those of Moko disease of bananas. The approaches were however, unsuccessful and in 7-9 years, BXW had covered six countries and threatened to wipe out the banana industry in ECA. However, BXW has to-date been tamed, mainly due to relentless and systematic deployment of carefully crafted and packaged cultural control practices based on epidemiological information generated within target banana cropping ecosystems. In Uganda, the initial “top-down” communication approaches reached >85% banana farming communities but did not mobilize the communities enough into action; hence, only 30% impact in controlling BXW was registered. In contrast, participatory approaches mobilised farming communities into action and effectively controlled BXW at field and community levels to near eradication. The approaches effectively controlled BXW in Uganda, and consequently, in eastern Kenya, northern Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi and DRC. This paper reviews step-wise processes leading to success over the 2 decades and identifies critical research gaps. Deployment of resistant genotypes is urgently needed as a significant addition to the BXW management tool-box to create BXW-free banana cropping systems in ECA.

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Banana-based beverages in East and Central Africa –  a money-maker for rural male and female value-chain actors?

Cited by 4 publications

References 2 publications

The role of women in production and management of RTB crops in Rwanda and Burundi: Do men decide, and women work?

The role of women in production and management of RTB crops in Rwanda and Burundi: Do men decide, and women work?

The Role of Women in Production and Management of RTB Crops in Rwanda and Burundi: Do Men Decide, and Women Work?

Changing Dynamics in the Spread and Management of Banana Xanthomonas Wilt Disease in Uganda Over Two Decades

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Banana-based beverages in East and Central Africa – a money-maker for rural male and female value-chain actors?

Cited by 4 publications

References 2 publications

The role of women in production and management of RTB crops in Rwanda and Burundi: Do men decide, and women work?

The role of women in production and management of RTB crops in Rwanda and Burundi: Do men decide, and women work?

The Role of Women in Production and Management of RTB Crops in Rwanda and Burundi: Do Men Decide, and Women Work?

Changing Dynamics in the Spread and Management of Banana Xanthomonas Wilt Disease in Uganda Over Two Decades

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Banana-based beverages in East and Central Africa –  a money-maker for rural male and female value-chain actors?