Baltimore Vision Screening Project

Preslan, Mark W.; Novak, Audrey

doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(98)91813-9

Cited by 97 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The benefit of early detection and treatment also receives strong support from Williams et al (2002) who reported that at 7.5 years, amblyopia was significantly less prevalent in the intensively screened group than in the control group (0.6% v 1.8%), and from Kvarnstrom et al (1998) and Kvarnstrom et al (2001) who reported better visual outcomes when multiple early screenings take place. These results provide solid evidence for the view expressed by Simons (2005) and others (Williamson et al, 1995; Williams et al, 1998; Preslan and Novak, 1996, 1998) that amblyopia is more prevalent in socially disadvantaged and medically-underserved communities (see ‘Other Factors’ section below). However, it is noteworthy that even in populations that have access to screenings and therapy (e.g.…”

Section: Prevalencesupporting

confidence: 73%

The relationship between anisometropia and amblyopia

Barrett

Bradley

Candy

2013

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research

139

121

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This review aims to disentangle cause and effect in the relationship between anisometropia and amblyopia. Specifically, we examine the literature for evidence to support different possible developmental sequences that could ultimately lead to the presentation of both conditions. The prevalence of anisometropia is around 20% for an inter-ocular difference of 0.5D or greater in spherical equivalent refraction, falling to 2-3%, for an inter-ocular difference of 3D or above. Anisometropia prevalence is relatively high in the weeks following birth, in the teenage years coinciding with the onset of myopia and, most notably, in older adults starting after the onset of presbyopia. It has about one-third the prevalence of bilateral refractive errors of the same magnitude. Importantly, the prevalence of anisometropia is higher in highly ametropic groups, suggesting that emmetropization failures underlying ametropia and anisometropia may be similar. Amblyopia is present in 1-3% of humans and around one-half to two-thirds of amblyopes have anisometropia either alone or in combination with strabismus. The frequent co-existence of amblyopia and anisometropia at a child’s first clinical examination promotes the belief that the anisometropia has caused the amblyopia, as has been demonstrated in animal models of the condition. In reviewing the human and monkey literature however it is clear that there are additional paths beyond this classic hypothesis to the co-occurrence of anisometropia and amblyopia. For example, after amblyopia secondary to either deprivation or strabismus has emerged, anisometropia often follows. In cases of anisometropia with no apparent deprivation or strabismus, questions remain about the failure of the emmetropization mechanism that routinely eliminates infantile anisometropia. Also, the chronology of amblyopia development is poorly documented in cases of ‘pure’ anisometropic amblyopia. Although indirect, the therapeutic impact of refractive correction on anisometropic amblyopia provides strong support for the hypothesis that the anisometropia caused the amblyopia. Direct evidence for the aetiology of anisometropic amblyopia will require longitudinal tracking of at-risk infants, which poses numerous methodological challenges. However, if we are to prevent this condition, we must understand the factors that cause it to develop.

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Section: Prevalencesupporting

confidence: 73%

The relationship between anisometropia and amblyopia

Barrett

Bradley

Candy

2013

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research

139

121

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…However, studies suggest that the barriers to wearing glasses are consistent across many regions, ethnicities and cultures. (Kodjebacheva, et al, 2014; Preslan & Novak, 1998) Finally, we are unable to comment on how these results compare to the experiences of students without visual deficits or whose received corrective lenses without being served by VTL.…”

Section: Conclusion For Practicementioning

confidence: 81%

“…While the barriers to accessing corrective lenses are similar to those for other health services, studies suggest that there are also significant gaps between ownership and use of corrective lenses(Messer, Mitchell, Twelker, Crescioni, & Group, 2012; Preslan & Novak, 1998) School-based vision programs address many of the barriers to obtaining and wearing glasses that disproportionately affect low-income and minority students, and hence may be a vital tool for improving population child health. (Ethan, Basch, Platt, Bogen, & Zybert, 2010; Lyons, Johnson, & Majzoub, 2011; Sharma, Congdon, Patel, & Gilbert, 2012)…”

Section: Conclusion For Practicementioning

confidence: 99%

Parent, Teacher, and Student Perspectives on How Corrective Lenses Improve Child Wellbeing and School Function

Dudovitz

Izadpanah

Chung

et al. 2015

Matern Child Health J

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Objectives Up to 20% of school-age children have a vision problem identifiable by screening, over 80% of which can be corrected with glasses. While vision problems are associated with poor school performance, few studies describe whether and how corrective lenses affect academic achievement and health. Further, there are virtually no studies exploring how children with correctable visual deficits, their parents, and teachers perceive the connection between vision care and school function. Methods We conducted a qualitative evaluation of Vision to Learn (VTL), a school-based program providing free corrective lenses to low-income students in Los Angeles. Nine focus groups with students, parents, and teachers from three schools served by VTL explored the relationships between poor vision, receipt of corrective lenses, and school performance and health. Results Twenty parents, 25 teachers, and 21 students from three elementary schools participated. Participants described how uncorrected visual deficits reduced students’ focus, perseverance, and class participation, affecting academic functioning and psychosocial stress; how receiving corrective lenses improved classroom attention, task persistence, and willingness to practice academic skills; and how serving students in school rather than in clinics increased both access to and use of corrective lenses. Conclusions for Practice Corrective lenses may positively impact families, teachers, and students coping with visual deficits by improving school function and psychosocial wellbeing. Practices that increase ownership and use of glasses, such as serving students in school, may significantly improve both child health and academic performance.

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“…It is known that anisometropic amblyopia has an estimated prevalence in the pediatric population that ranges from 2% to 5% [8,9]. As a rule, amblyopia is more common and of a higher degree in patients with hyperopic anisometropia than in patients with myopic anisometropia [1,10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between Higher-order Aberrations and Amblyopia Treatment in Hyperopic Anisometropic Amblyopia

Lee

Chang

2014

Korean J Ophthalmol

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PurposeTo investigate the relationship between higher-order aberrations (HOAs) and amblyopia treatment in children with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia.MethodsThe medical records of hyperopic amblyopia patients with both spherical anisometropia of 1.00 diopter (D) or more and astigmatic anisometropia of less than 1.00 D were reviewed retrospectively. Based on the results of the amblyopia treatment, patients were divided into two groups: treatment successes and failures. Using the degree of spherical anisometropia, subjects were categorized into mild, moderate, or severe groups. Ocular, corneal, and internal HOAs were measured using a KR-1W aberrometer at the initial visit, and at 3-month, 6-month, and 12-month follow-ups.ResultsThe results of the 45 (21 males and 24 females) hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia patients who completed the 12-month follow-up examinations were analyzed. The mean patient age at the initial visit was 70.3 months. In total, 28 patients (62.2%) had successful amblyopia treatments and 17 patients (37.8%) failed treatment after 12 months. Among the patient population, 24 (53.3%) had mild hyperopic anisometropia and 21 (46.7%) had moderate hyperopic anisometropia. When comparing the two groups (i.e., the success and failure groups), ocular spherical aberrations and internal spherical aberrations in the amblyopic eyes were significantly higher in the failure group at every follow-up point. There were no significant differences in any of the HOAs between mild and moderate cases of hyperopic anisometropia at any follow-up. When the amblyopic and fellow eyes were compared between the groups there were no significant differences in any of the HOAs.ConclusionsHOAs, particularly ocular spherical aberrations and internal spherical aberrations, should be considered as reasons for failed amblyopia treatment.

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Baltimore Vision Screening Project

Cited by 97 publications

References 7 publications

The relationship between anisometropia and amblyopia

The relationship between anisometropia and amblyopia

Parent, Teacher, and Student Perspectives on How Corrective Lenses Improve Child Wellbeing and School Function

The Relationship between Higher-order Aberrations and Amblyopia Treatment in Hyperopic Anisometropic Amblyopia

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