Baltic Sea Environmental Cooperation

Hjorth, Ronnie

doi:10.1177/0010836794029001002

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The Baltic Sea environment is among the most persistently addressed political issues in the Baltic Sea region (e.g., Hjorth 1996; VanDeveer 2011). Various arrangements shape the efforts to protect the Baltic Sea marine environment, including the European Union (EU) and the Helsinki Convention with its governing body the Helsinki Commission, HELCOM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Governance of the Mitigation of the Baltic Sea Eutrophication: Exploring the Challenges of the Formal Governing System

Tynkkynen

Schönach

Pihlajamäki

et al. 2014

AMBIO

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This article focuses on the governing system of the mitigation of eutrophication in the Baltic Sea. Policies and measures of the Baltic Sea coastal countries, the macro--regional (HELCOM) level, and the level of the European Union are described and governance challenges explicated. We found that the main challenges at different governance levels include: differences between coastal countries in terms of environmental conditions including environmental awareness, overlaps of policies between different levels, the lack of adequate spatial and temporal specification of policies, and the lack of policy integration. To help to meet these challenges, we suggest closer involvement of stakeholders and the public, the improvement of the interplay of institutions, and the introduction of a “primus motor” for the governance of the mitigation of eutrophication in the Baltic Sea.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Governance of the Mitigation of the Baltic Sea Eutrophication: Exploring the Challenges of the Formal Governing System

Tynkkynen

Schönach

Pihlajamäki

et al. 2014

AMBIO

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“…Despite mutual tensions, these countries created an international regime for the Baltic Sea in 1974 under the Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area. When this treaty entered into force, three Eastern Bloc countries, three Western alliance members, and Finland were parties to a historic convention for the Baltic Sea marine environment (Hjorth 1994). The convention had by that point become a template for the Regional Seas Programme of the United Nations Environment Programme (Hulm 1983, 12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional Water Cooperation

Ovodenko

2016

Journal of Conflict Resolution

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Shared water has prompted some neighboring countries to form integrated regional institutions and rules. Other neighboring countries have maintained less cooperative policies in managing shared water. When do governments achieve integrated management of regional water? How do they overcome barriers to integrated cooperation? This article contends that the structure of interdependence, not the number of states bordering the water, encourages different international policies. It analyzes original panel data on the agreement histories of seventy-six rivers, lakes, and seas. It also examines the role of selective incentives in promoting mutual water management. Fundamentally, the number of states with access to the water does not determine the fate of water management. Strategies for overcoming divergent preferences can be applied across situations. The key is to provide selective incentives when states are asymmetrically interdependent in using the water, to alter national preferences. Selective incentives are particularly important when few states share the water.

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“…HELCOM could be viewed as an early regionalisation institution in a divided world of east and west by being a facilitator for regional cooperation even during the Cold War, and the organisation has a long history and experience of environmental protection in the region (Hjorth, 1994). It was the first Regional Sea Convention and a pioneer for a sector-integrated view of the protection of the whole marine area (Kern, 2011).…”

Section: Helcom and The Bsapmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional Environmental Governance and Avenues for the Ecosystem Approach to management in the Baltic Sea Area

Söderström¹

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This thesis explores the avenues for the ecosystem approach to management in the Baltic Sea Region. This region is one of the most contaminated water bodies in the world, although the first Regional Seas Convention was created here and theregion has a long history of cooperation and environmental protection. The current environmental governance arrangements are examined with specific focuson governance structures, cross-sectoral integration and ecological boundaries.The ecosystem approach to management as both a tool and vision of holistic management of natural resources is traced through the evolution of environmental governance, as well as its manifestation in contemporary environmental policies in the region. It is found that the major EU directives, as well as HELCOM polices, promote the ecosystem approach and that its presence has increased inrecent years; it is now the major guiding principle in European marine governance. However, the governance structures impede implementation indifferent ways. The environmental problem areas in the region all require different governance arrangements, thus obstructing a holistic approach. The environmental problems per se also affect each other, necessitating far-reaching sectoral integration and cross-border cooperation, which at present is the major obstacle regarding implementation. The contemporary trends combining solid regionalisation through HELCOM with increased Europeanisation and macro regionalisation by different EU initiatives offer some promise, but the cross sectoral impediments must be resolved if the ecosystem approach is to become apractical approach and not just a policy principle

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Baltic Sea Environmental Cooperation

Cited by 14 publications

References 3 publications

The Governance of the Mitigation of the Baltic Sea Eutrophication: Exploring the Challenges of the Formal Governing System

The Governance of the Mitigation of the Baltic Sea Eutrophication: Exploring the Challenges of the Formal Governing System

Regional Water Cooperation

Regional Environmental Governance and Avenues for the Ecosystem Approach to management in the Baltic Sea Area

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