Ballistic performances of Ramor 500 and Ramor 550 armor steels at mono and bilayered plate configurations

Bekci, Muhammed Latif; Canpolat, Bahadır Hakan; Usta, Erdal; Güler, Mehmet Sami; Cora, Ömer Necati

doi:10.1016/j.jestch.2021.01.001

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…It is included in the Johnson-Cook fracture model in LS-DYNA [41]. It is written as in equation (10);…”

Section: Numerical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When D = 1, fracture occurs. In equation (10), the first bracket defines the stress in the three axes, the second bracket defines the strain rate, and the third bracket defines the temperature effect.…”

Section: Numerical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Close-range engagements increase the number of bullet cores and shrapnel hitting the target, as well as the amount of kinetic energy at the moment of impact, requiring an increase in the protection limits of ballistic protective materials [6]. Ballistic protection requirements have changed in recent years due to the increasing threat level [7][8][9][10]. In that sense, armoured combat vehicles need to be protected in the different engagement areas against high-level threats such as 12.7 mm, 14.5 mm, 25 mm etc projectiles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Design of an add-on ceramic composite armour against 14.5 × 114 mm API/B32 projectile for the armoured vehicles and investigation of the ballistic performance of the armour

Teoman,

Göde,

Çetin

et al. 2024

Mater. Res. Express

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A ceramic/composite add-on armour system with innovative ceramic geometry (cylindrical) against 14.5×114 mm API/B32 projectile was developed and ballistic performance of the armour was investigated both experimentally and numerically. Numerical analysis was used to calculate exit velocities of the projectile after passing through the ceramic/composite layer (before penetrating the Armox 500T which simulates hull structure of an armoured vehicle) and also contributed to the selection of optimum ceramic thickness. The calculated projectile velocity-time curves (from numerical analysis) for three different ceramic thicknesses are given comparatively in the study. The curve characteristics are the same for three different analyses. The duration of the total absorption of the projectile energy is about 0.2 microseconds (ms). There were differences in the transmission of the stress wave and the delamination in the Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) layers differed as ceramic thickness increases. The separation between the layers varied with the change in projectile energy. As a result of the ballistic test, the armour prevented 14.5×114 mm API/B32 ammunition with desired damage mechanisms. In the x-ray image taken after the shootings, it was seen that the ceramic damage was local which enhanced multi-hit resistance capability and the geometry of the cylindrical alumina played an important role in the localization of the ceramic zone damage during the projectile penetration process. Due to this cylindrical ceramic geometry, the projectile moving on after the moment of impact constantly encounters a curved and new surface, and thus it is deflected and exposed to more wear. The areal density of the armour was also reduced by using the UHMWPE (which is one of the composite material whose fibres have the lowest density and good mechanical properties) composite plate as the backing plate.

show abstract

“…It is included in the Johnson-Cook fracture model in LS-DYNA [41]. It is written as in equation (10);…”

Section: Numerical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Numerical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Design of an add-on ceramic composite armour against 14.5 × 114 mm API/B32 projectile for the armoured vehicles and investigation of the ballistic performance of the armour

Teoman,

Göde,

Çetin

et al. 2024

Mater. Res. Express

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Generally, four types of materials, i.e., polymers and plastics, ceramics, composites, and metals and alloys, are used in special vehicles. Metals have become the most commonly used protective material due to their low cost, high strength and easiness to process [2]. Uncertain factors exist in the materials, loads, and simulation models, and these uncertain factors affect the safety of special vehicles [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on reliability and reliability sensitivity of special vehicles’ steel plate under the scenario of bullets penetrating

Cao,

Gao,

Wang

2024

Ninth International Conference on Energy Materials and Electrical Engineering (ICEMEE 2023)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Reliability of special vehicles' steel plate reflects their protection ability; it thus is important to evaluate and improve the reliability of their steel plate. The paper studies the influence of the steel plate's material parameters on its reliability in bullet penetration scenarios, where a reliability measurement model and a reliability sensitivity model are established. In the reliability measurement model, a finite element model and an intrusion simulation are constructed to obtain dangerous stress values and random material variables samples, and a BP network-based limit state function and the advanced firstorder second-moment method are then used to calculate the reliability indicator. Matrix differentiation method is exploited to obtain the reliability sensitivity corresponding to each material parameter. The results show that the mean and standard deviation of the Poisson ratio significantly affect the steel plate's reliability. In addition, the material' density affects the steel plate's reliability more than the elastic modulus. Modeling reliability and reliability sensitivity improves the theory of designing and optimizing special vehicles' bulletproof steel plates.

show abstract

“…Thus, improvements in such properties will depend on the microstructure, e.g., tempered martensite, etc., in addition to other factors. This necessitates an optimal combination of strength, hardness and toughness [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Material properties versus projectile impact has been of practical significance for ballistic protection applications [ 12 ], in addition to the thickness of steel plates [ 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Microstructure, Phase Composition, and Mechanical Behavior of Ballistic Steels

2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

For the protection of civil and military armored vehicles, advanced steels are used, due to their outstanding mechanical properties, high ballistic performance, ease of manufacturing and low cost. However, after retrofitting, weight is the prominent issue. In this regard, several strategies are being proposed, which include the surface engineering of either low-thickness ballistic steels or conventional steels, in addition to new alloys and composites. Therefore, to better understand the response of such materials under various stimuli, the existing state of the art ballistic steels was utilized in this study. The aim of this study was to better understand the existing materials and their corrosion behavior. Therefore, in this connection, two thicknesses were selected, i.e., thin (6.7–7.0 mm) and thick (13.0–15.0 mm), henceforth termed as low thickness (LT) and high thickness (HT), respectively. This was followed by characterization using tensile, Charpy, micro-Vickers, nanoindentation, XRD, SEM-EDS and corrosion tests. Microstructurally, the LT samples only exhibited ε-carbide precipitates, whereas the HT samples contained both ε-carbides and Mo2C (molybdenum carbides). However, both samples were found to be tempered martensite with a lath morphology. Moreover, higher hardness, and lower elastic modulus and stiffness were noticed in the HT samples compared with their LT counterparts. Fractured surfaces of both of these alloys were also examined, wherein a ductile mode of fracturing was observed. Further, a corrosion study was also carried out in brine solution. The results showed a higher corrosion rate in the HT samples than that of their LT counterparts. An extensive discussion is presented in light of the observed findings.

show abstract

Ballistic performances of Ramor 500 and Ramor 550 armor steels at mono and bilayered plate configurations

Cited by 17 publications

References 19 publications

Design of an add-on ceramic composite armour against 14.5 × 114 mm API/B32 projectile for the armoured vehicles and investigation of the ballistic performance of the armour

Design of an add-on ceramic composite armour against 14.5 × 114 mm API/B32 projectile for the armoured vehicles and investigation of the ballistic performance of the armour

Study on reliability and reliability sensitivity of special vehicles’ steel plate under the scenario of bullets penetrating

Characterization of Microstructure, Phase Composition, and Mechanical Behavior of Ballistic Steels

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About