Ballistic performance and statistical evaluation of multilayered armor with epoxy-fique fabric composites using the Weibull analysis

Oliveira, Michelle Souza; Filho, Fábio da Costa Garcia; Nunes, Larissa Fernandes; Luz, Fernanda Santos da; Braga, Fábio de Oliveira; Colorado, Henry A.; Monteiro, Sérgio Neves

doi:10.1016/j.jmrt.2019.09.064

Cited by 43 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The reason for the unexpected ballistic performance of natural fiber composites is that the role played by the MAS second layer in impact energy dissipation depends on the fiber’s ability to capture ceramic/bullet fragments, but not on the fiber strength [ 24 ]. In addition, the articles cited by Benzait and Trabzon [ 10 ] and other recent works [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ] also confirmed the superior ballistic performance of natural fiber composites as an MAS second layer. It is worth mentioning the significant number of publications focused on ballistic performance of hybrid composites reinforced with synthetic and natural fibers [ 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Although the use of natural fiber composites in ballistic armors has been reported in many papers [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ], most of the published work thus far involves a possible third layer in the MAS. This layer is an aluminum alloy, which compromises the armor vest weight.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Composites with Natural Fibers and Conventional Materials Applied in a Hard Armor: A Comparison

et al. 2020

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Natural-fiber-reinforced polymer composites have recently drawn attention as new materials for ballistic armor due to sustainability benefits and lower cost as compared to conventional synthetic fibers, such as aramid and ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). In the present work, a comparison was carried out between the ballistic performance of UHMWPE composite, commercially known as Dyneema, and epoxy composite reinforced with 30 vol % natural fibers extracted from pineapple leaves (PALF) in a hard armor system. This hard armor system aims to provide additional protection to conventional level IIIA ballistic armor vests, made with Kevlar, by introducing the PALF composite plate, effectively changing the ballistic armor into level III. This level of protection allows the ballistic armor to be safely subjected to higher impact projectiles, such as 7.62 mm caliber rifle ammunition. The results indicate that a hard armor with a ceramic front followed by the PALF/epoxy composite meets the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) international standard for level III protection and performs comparably to that of the Dyneema plate, commonly used in armor vests.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composites with Natural Fibers and Conventional Materials Applied in a Hard Armor: A Comparison

et al. 2020

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“…Before considering the use of graphene-base materials, the application of NLFs as reinforcement of polymer matrix composites for ballistic protection was investigated [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 158 , 159 , 160 , 161 , 162 ]. The ballistic performance of these composites was found to be in the same order of magnitude of commonly used materials such as Kevlar TM and Twaron TM , which are aramid-based fibers, or Dyneema TM and Spectra TM , produced with UHMWPE.…”

Section: Properties Of Graphene Incorporated Nlf Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene-Incorporated Natural Fiber Polymer Composites: A First Overview

et al. 2020

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A novel class of graphene-based materials incorporated into natural lignocellulosic fiber (NLF) polymer composites is surging since 2011. The present overview is the first attempt to compile achievements regarding this novel class of composites both in terms of technical and scientific researches as well as development of innovative products. A brief description of the graphene nature and its recent isolation from graphite is initially presented together with the processing of its main derivatives. In particular, graphene-based materials, such as nanographene (NG), exfoliated graphene/graphite nanoplatelet (GNP), graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), as well as other carbon-based nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotube (CNT), are effectively being incorporated into NLF composites. Their disclosed superior mechanical, thermal, electrical, and ballistic properties are discussed in specific publications. Interfacial shear strength of 575 MPa and tensile strength of 379 MPa were attained in 1 wt % GO-jute fiber and 0.75 wt % jute fiber, respectively, epoxy composites. Moreover, a Young’s modulus of 44.4 GPa was reported for 0.75 wt % GO-jute fiber composite. An important point of interest concerning this incorporation is the fact that the amphiphilic character of graphene allows a better way to enhance the interfacial adhesion between hydrophilic NLF and hydrophobic polymer matrix. As indicated in this overview, two basic incorporation strategies have so far been adopted. In the first, NG, GNP, GO, rGO and CNT are used as hybrid filler together with NLF to reinforce polymer composites. The second one starts with GO or rGO as a coating to functionalize molecular bonding with NLF, which is then added into a polymeric matrix. Both strategies are contributing to develop innovative products for energy storage, drug release, biosensor, functional electronic clothes, medical implants, and armor for ballistic protection. As such, this first overview intends to provide a critical assessment of a surging class of composite materials and unveil successful development associated with graphene incorporated NLF polymer composites.

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“…Both resin and hardener were fabricated by Dow Chemical and supplied by Epoxy Fiber, Brazil. As found in several publications on DGEBA/TETA epoxy matrix composites, the amount of 30 vol% natural fiber incorporation is the optimum for the most effective reinforcement [7,27,[30][31][32][33][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44]. Higher amounts make the fiber adhesion to the composite matrix difficult.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…These previous results constitute a relevant motivation for the use of guaruman fibers in innovative research issues related to ballistic armor for personal protection. Considering numerous reported works using epoxy matrix composites reinforced with NLFs as well as natural fabric and bagasse [1,7,27,[30][31][32][33][37][38][39][40][41], the present work evaluates the ballistic performance of MASs with Al 2 O 3 /Nb 2 O 5 ceramic front layer followed by epoxy matrix composites reinforced with 30 vol% guaruman fiber, as second layer, and backed by a Kevlar TM panel with 12 layers simulating a bulletproof vest-level IIIA. Ballistic tests are conducted with both high-speed 7.62 mm and medium speed .22 caliber ammunitions to assess the MAS BFS and standalone composites absorbed impact energy, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ballistic Performance of Guaruman Fiber Composites in Multilayered Armor System and as Single Target

et al. 2021

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Multilayered armor systems (MAS) with a front ceramic layer backed by a relatively unknown Amazonian guaruman fiber-reinforced (Ischnosiphon koem) epoxy composites, as second layer, were for the first time ballistic tested against the threat of 7.62 mm rifle ammunition. The amount of 30 vol% guaruman fibers was investigated in three distinct configurations: (i) continuous aligned, (ii) 0–90° cross-laid, and (iii) short-cut randomly dispersed. Additionally, single-target ballistic tests were also carried out in the best MAS-performed composite with cross-laid guaruman fibers against .22 caliber ammunition. The results disclosed that all composites as MAS second layer attended the US NIJ standard with corresponding penetration depth of (i) 32.9, (ii) 27.5, and (iii) 29.6 mm smaller than the lethal limit of 44 mm in a clay witness simulating a personal body. However, the continuous aligned guaruman fiber composite lost structural integrity by delamination after the 7.62 projectile impact. By contrast, the composite with cross-laid guaruman fibers kept its integrity for subsequent shootings as recommended by the standard. The single-target tests indicated a relatively higher limit velocity for .22 caliber projectile perforation, 255 m/s, and absorbed energy of 106 J for the cross-laid guaruman fibers, which are superior to corresponding results for other less known natural fiber epoxy composites.

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Ballistic performance and statistical evaluation of multilayered armor with epoxy-fique fabric composites using the Weibull analysis

Cited by 43 publications

References 38 publications

Composites with Natural Fibers and Conventional Materials Applied in a Hard Armor: A Comparison

Composites with Natural Fibers and Conventional Materials Applied in a Hard Armor: A Comparison

Graphene-Incorporated Natural Fiber Polymer Composites: A First Overview

Ballistic Performance of Guaruman Fiber Composites in Multilayered Armor System and as Single Target

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