Ballistic Head Protection in the Light of Injury Criteria in the Case of the Wz.93 Combat Helmet

Jamroziak, Krzysztof; Bajkowski, Marcin; Bocian, Mirosław; Polak, S.; Magier, Mariusz; Kosobudzki, Mariusz; Stepien, Radoslaw

doi:10.3390/app9132702

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, high porosity resulted from a low value of relative density causes that they can be used as an effective thermal-, sound-and vibro-insulators [15,16]. Based on the data provided by many scientific papers, cellular materials are a very prospective group of engineering materials, which can go exceed the limit of typical bulk materials in the development of new cutting-edge products [17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations on the Mechanical Response of Gradient Lattice Structures Manufactured via SLM

Sienkiewicz

Płatek

Jiang

et al. 2020

Metals

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The main aim of the paper is to evaluate the mechanical behavior or lattice specimens subjected to quasi-static and dynamic compression tests. Both regular and three different variants of SS 316L lattice structures with gradually changed topologies (discrete, increase and decrease) have been successfully designed and additively manufactured with the use of the selective laser melting technique. The fabricated structures were subjected to geometrical quality control, microstructure analysis, phase characterization and compression tests under quasi-static and dynamic loading conditions. The mismatch between dimensions in the designed and produced lattices was noticed. It generally results from the adopted technique of the manufacturing process. The microstructure and phase composition were in good agreement with typical ones after the additive manufacturing of stainless steel. Moreover, the relationship between the structure relative density and its energy absorption capacity has been defined. The value of the maximum deformation energy depends on the adopted gradient topology and reaches the highest value for a gradually decreased topology, which also indicates the highest relative density. However, the highest rate of densification was observed for a gradually increasing topology. In addition, the results show that the gradient topology of the lattice structure affects the global deformation under the loading. Both, static and dynamic loading resulted in both barrel- and waisted-shaped deformation for lattices with an increasing and a decreasing gradient, respectively. Lattice specimens with a gradually changed topology indicate specific mechanical properties, which make them attractive in terms of energy absorption applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations on the Mechanical Response of Gradient Lattice Structures Manufactured via SLM

Sienkiewicz

Płatek

Jiang

et al. 2020

Metals

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“…They demonstrate a high range of deformation under various loading conditions, where the damage mechanism is usually caused by buckling, bending, and shearing [ 26 ]. These properties are particularly important for energy absorption and crashworthiness applications, where a wide range of material deformations without a damage mechanism such as cracking suddenly occurring are required [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deformation Process of 3D Printed Structures Made from Flexible Material with Different Values of Relative Density

et al. 2020

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The main aim of this article is the analysis of the deformation process of regular cell structures under quasi-static load conditions. The methodology used in the presented investigations included a manufacturability study, strength tests of the base material as well as experimental and numerical compression tests of developed regular cellular structures. A regular honeycomb and four variants with gradually changing topologies of different relative density values have been successfully designed and produced in the TPU-Polyflex flexible thermoplastic polyurethane material using the Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) 3D printing technique. Based on the results of performed technological studies, the most productive and accurate 3D printing parameters for the thermoplastic polyurethane filament were defined. It has been found that the 3D printed Polyflex material is characterised by a very high flexibility (elongation up to 380%) and a non-linear stress-strain relationship. A detailed analysis of the compression process of the structure specimens revealed that buckling and bending were the main mechanisms responsible for the deformation of developed structures. The Finite Element (FE) method and Ls Dyna software were used to conduct computer simulations reflecting the mechanical response of the structural specimens subjected to a quasi-static compression load. The hyperelastic properties of the TPU material were described with the Simplified Rubber Material (SRM) constitutive model. The proposed FE models, as well as assumed initial boundary conditions, were successfully validated. The results obtained from computer simulations agreed well with the data from the experimental compression tests. A linear relationship was found between the relative density and the maximum strain energy value.

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“…In addition, these materials often exhibit other interesting properties that make them attractive as construction materials (thermal, sound and vibration insulation, among others) [23,[29][30][31][32]. Moreover, they can be used in new cutting-edge passive protective systems dedicated to both military [33][34][35][36][37][38] and civilian applications. Depending on the applied method of manufacturing (DED or PBF), they are built as 2D (cellular) or 3D (lattice) structures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations on Mechanical Properties of Lattice Structures with Different Values of Relative Density Made from 316L by Selective Laser Melting (SLM)

Płatek¹,

Sienkiewicz²,

Janiszewski³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Nine variants of regular lattice structures with different relative densities have been designed and successfully manufactured. The produced structures have been subjected to geometrical quality control, and the manufacturability of the implemented selective laser melting SLM technique has been assessed. It was found that the dimensions of the produced lattice struts differ from those of the designed struts. These deviations depend on the direction of geometrical evaluation. Additionally, the microstructures and phase compositions of the obtained structures were characterized and compared with those of conventionally produced 316L stainless steel. The microstructure analysis and X-Ray Diffraction XRD patterns revealed a single austenite phase in the SLM samples. Both a certain broadening and a displacement of the austenite peaks were observed due to residual stresses and a crystallographic texture induced by the SLM process. Furthermore, the mechanical behavior of the lattice structure material has been defined. It was demonstrated that under both quasi-static and dynamic testing, lattice structures with high relative densities are stretch-dominated, whereas those with low relative densities are bending-dominated. Moreover, the linear relationship between the energy absorption and relative density under dynamic loading conditions has been defined

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Ballistic Head Protection in the Light of Injury Criteria in the Case of the Wz.93 Combat Helmet

Cited by 21 publications

References 35 publications

Investigations on the Mechanical Response of Gradient Lattice Structures Manufactured via SLM

Investigations on the Mechanical Response of Gradient Lattice Structures Manufactured via SLM

Deformation Process of 3D Printed Structures Made from Flexible Material with Different Values of Relative Density

Investigations on Mechanical Properties of Lattice Structures with Different Values of Relative Density Made from 316L by Selective Laser Melting (SLM)

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