Ballistic blocks around Kīlauea Caldera: Their vent locations and number of eruptions in the late 18th century

Swanson, Donald A.; Zolkos, Scott P.; Haravitch, Ben

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.04.008

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Previous studies indicate that hazards of explosive eruptions at Kīlauea are substantial, including pyroclastic density currents as well as tephra falls and ballistic showers (Decker and Christiansen, 1984;McPhie et al, 1990;Dzurisin et al, 1995;Fiske et al, 2009;Swanson et al, 2012aSwanson et al, , 2012b. Our work shows that the hazardous periods last much longer than previously thought.…”

Section: Hazard Implicationssupporting

confidence: 54%

Cycles of explosive and effusive eruptions at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i

Swanson

Rose

Mucek

et al. 2014

Geology

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The subaerial eruptive activity at Kīlauea Volcano (Hawai'i) for the past 2500 yr can be divided into 3 dominantly effusive and 2 dominantly explosive periods, each lasting several centuries. The prevailing style of eruption for 60% of this time was explosive, manifested by repeated phreatic and phreatomagmatic activity in a deep summit caldera. During dominantly explosive periods, the magma supply rate to the shallow storage volume beneath the summit dropped to only a few percent of that during mainly effusive periods. The frequency and duration of explosive activity are contrary to the popular impression that Kīlauea is almost unceasingly effusive. Explosive activity apparently correlates with the presence of a caldera intersecting the water table. The decrease in magma supply rate may result in caldera collapse, because erupted or intruded magma is not replaced. Glasses with unusually high MgO, TiO 2 , and K 2 O compositions occur only in explosive tephra (and one related lava fl ow) and are consistent with disruption of the shallow reservoir complex during caldera formation. Kīlauea is a complex, modulated system in which melting rate, supply rate, conduit stability (in both mantle and crust), reservoir geometry, water table, and many other factors interact with one another. The hazards associated with explosive activity at Kīlauea's summit would have major impact on local society if a future dominantly explosive period were to last several centuries. The association of lowered magma supply, caldera formation, and explosive activity might characterize other basaltic volcanoes, but has not been recognized.

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Section: Hazard Implicationssupporting

confidence: 54%

Cycles of explosive and effusive eruptions at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i

Swanson

Rose

Mucek

et al. 2014

Geology

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“…The spatial and size distribution of VBPs has been used to infer the morphology and location of eruptive vents for the 1790 eruption of Kilauea volcano (USA) [ Swanson et al ., ], the Baccano maar (Italy) [ Buttinelli et al ., ], and the Atexcac maar (Mexico) [ López‐Rojas and Carrasco‐Núñez , ] and to investigate vent development of the Minoan eruption of Santorini volcano (Greece) [ Pfeiffer , ] and Upper Te Maari crater [ Breard et al ., ].…”

Section: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

In‐flight dynamics of volcanic ballistic projectiles

Taddeucci

Alatorre‐Ibargüengoitia

Cruz-Vázquez

et al. 2017

Reviews of Geophysics

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Centimeter to meter‐sized volcanic ballistic projectiles from explosive eruptions jeopardize people and properties kilometers from the volcano, but they also provide information about the past eruptions. Traditionally, projectile trajectory is modeled using simplified ballistic theory, accounting for gravity and drag forces only and assuming simply shaped projectiles free moving through air. Recently, collisions between projectiles and interactions with plumes are starting to be considered. Besides theory, experimental studies and field mapping have so far dominated volcanic projectile research, with only limited observations. High‐speed, high‐definition imaging now offers a new spatial and temporal scale of observation that we use to illuminate projectile dynamics. In‐flight collisions commonly affect the size, shape, trajectory, and rotation of projectiles according to both projectile nature (ductile bomb versus brittle block) and the location and timing of collisions. These, in turn, are controlled by ejection pulses occurring at the vent. In‐flight tearing and fragmentation characterize large bombs, which often break on landing, both factors concurring to decrease the average grain size of the resulting deposits. Complex rotation and spinning are ubiquitous features of projectiles, and the related Magnus effect may deviate projectile trajectory by tens of degrees. A new relationship is derived, linking projectile velocity and size with the size of the resulting impact crater. Finally, apparent drag coefficient values, obtained for selected projectiles, mostly range from 1 to 7, higher than expected, reflecting complex projectile dynamics. These new perspectives will impact projectile hazard mitigation and the interpretation of projectile deposits from past eruptions, both on Earth and on other planets.

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“…Mapped deposits from past eruptions are often not symmetrical around the vent, reflecting this directionality (Minakami 1942;Fudali and Melson 1972;Steinberg and Lorenz 1983;Kilgour et al 2010;Houghton et al 2011;Gurioli et al 2013;Fitzgerald et al 2014), and are sometimes the result of the crater and surrounding topography Tsunematsu et al 2016). Detailed descriptions and maps of ballistic impact distributions are rare, but those published may contain some of the following data: maximum ballistic travel distances (Steinberg and Lorenz 1983;Robertson et al 1998;Kaneko et al 2016); the outer edges of a ballistic field (Minakami 1942;Nairn and Self 1978;Yamagishi and Feebrey 1994); and/or maximum particle (Nairn and Self 1978;Steinberg and Lorenz 1983;Robertson et al 1998;Swanson et al 2012) or crater size (Robertson et al 1998;Maeno et al 2013;Kaneko et al 2016). When isopleths of particle size are included these rarely contain individual measurements and may be severely limited by the availability of only specific mapped locations (e.g., Kilgour et al 2010;Houghton et al 2011).…”

Section: Ballistic Hazard and Risk Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When isopleths of particle size are included these rarely contain individual measurements and may be severely limited by the availability of only specific mapped locations (e.g., Kilgour et al 2010;Houghton et al 2011). For this reason, the number of particles, sizes of particles, and spatial density per unit area is rarely reported (only four publications could be found with this level of detail- Pistolesi et al 2008;Swanson et al 2012;Gurioli et al 2013;Kaneko et al 2016). This leads to a limited understanding of the hazard and risk posed to the area.…”

Section: Ballistic Hazard and Risk Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Communication and Risk Management of Volcanic Ballistic Hazards

Fitzgerald

Kennedy

Wilson

et al. 2017

Advances in Volcanology

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Tourists, hikers, mountaineers, locals and volcanologists frequently visit and reside on and around active volcanoes, where ballistic projectiles are a lethal hazard. The projectiles of lava or solid rock, ranging from a few centimetres to several metres in diameter, are erupted with high kinetic, and sometimes thermal, energy. Impacts from projectiles are amongst the most frequent causes of fatal volcanic incidents and the cause of hundreds of thousands of dollars of damage to buildings, infrastructure and property worldwide. Despite this, the assessment of risk and communication of ballistic hazard has received surprisingly little study. Here, we review the research to date on ballistic distributions, impacts, hazard and risk assessments and maps, and methods of communicating and managing ballistic risk including how these change with a changing risk environment. The review suggests future improvements to the communication and management of ballistic hazard.

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Ballistic blocks around Kīlauea Caldera: Their vent locations and number of eruptions in the late 18th century

Cited by 18 publications

References 16 publications

Cycles of explosive and effusive eruptions at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i

Cycles of explosive and effusive eruptions at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i

In‐flight dynamics of volcanic ballistic projectiles

The Communication and Risk Management of Volcanic Ballistic Hazards

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