Ball milling as an important pretreatment technique in lignocellulose biorefineries: a review

Sitotaw, Yalew Woldeamanuel; Habtu, Nigus Gabbiye; Gebreyohannes, Abaynesh Yihdego; Nunes, Suzana Pereira; Gerven, Tom Van

doi:10.1007/s13399-021-01800-7

Cited by 34 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…Ball milling specifically and biomass pretreatment more generally are known to result in particle size reduction, lignin rearrangement, cellulose decrystallization, and many other effects that can potentially benefit enzyme hydrolysis. [ 73 ] These effects, which are both physical (or mechanical) and chemical in nature, arise from the intense and localized pressure, pressure gradients, and heating that occur during ball milling. [ 74 ] Accordingly, UN and ball‐milled bamboo samples were characterized using a series of methods intended to overlap with one another to provide a comprehensive picture of the physical and chemical state of the material before and after ball milling.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanochemical Pretreatment for Waste‐Free Conversion of Bamboo to Simple Sugars: Utilization of Available Resources for Developing Economies

Ekwe

Tyufekchiev

Salifu

et al. 2022

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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In this work, mechanochemical pretreatment of Bambusa vulgaris is evaluated for waste‐free production of renewable sugars for subsequent fermentation. After a 60 min mechanochemical pretreatment followed by enzyme hydrolysis at 50 °C, 62% of the available carbohydrate can be recovered as fermentable sugars, primarily in the form of glucose and xylose. Structural and chemical analysis finds that mechanochemical pretreatment increases accessible surface area and amorphizes the crystalline cellulose present in bamboo, both of which increase reactivity. The experimental results are then used for a systems‐level analysis of ethanol production in Nigeria. The energy required for mechanochemical pretreatment is estimated to be 0.5–5.6 MJ per kg of bamboo; this energy can be provided by solar power, while still satisfying existing needs for stationary power. Ethanol production on marginal land alone is projected to be sufficient to replace nearly 80% of Nigeria's current gasoline usage while reserving sufficient land area for solar power generation to meet current electricity needs, meaning that bamboo cultivation followed by mechanochemical pretreatment can play an important role for utilizing locally available resources without generation of new chemical wastes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanochemical Pretreatment for Waste‐Free Conversion of Bamboo to Simple Sugars: Utilization of Available Resources for Developing Economies

Ekwe

Tyufekchiev

Salifu

et al. 2022

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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“…This green technology is simple and is capable of reducing the particle size of MCC in the micrometer range, disrupting the crystal structure, thereby leads to a reduction in CI and DP and the subsequent increased reactivity. [114] Mimura et al [92] found that ball-milling pretreatment significantly increased the yield of HMF from MCC. After 2 h reaction in water at 200 °C, the maximum yield of HMF was 12.8 %, which increased to 35.1 % after the pretreatment due to a decrease in cellulose particle size.…”

Section: Ball-milling Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The process relies on the impact and attrition between the balls and the powder, which releases energy. This green technology is simple and is capable of reducing the particle size of MCC in the micrometer range, disrupting the crystal structure, thereby leads to a reduction in CI and DP and the subsequent increased reactivity [114] . Mimura et al [92] .…”

Section: Promising Strategies To Aid In the Hydrolysis Of Cellulose I...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Conversion of Cellulose to 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural: Advancements in Heterogeneous Catalysts and Cutting‐Edge Hydrolysis Strategies

Rezayan,

Zhang,

et al. 2023

ChemCatChem

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The catalytic conversion of lignocellulose‐derived carbohydrates, particularly cellulose, into 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), holds significant potential as a crucial step in the sustainable production of valuable platform chemicals. This review presents the remarkable progress made in the field, with a specific emphasis on the role of heterogeneous catalysts, innovative methods for accelerating cellulose hydrolysis, and the design of flow reactor technologies. The distinctive properties and surface functionalities of catalysts facilitate the efficient breakdown of cellulose's intricate structure, thereby promoting selective hydrolysis leading to HMF formation. Therefore, this review comprehensively examines various categories of heterogeneous catalysts, including metal oxides/phosphates, zeolites, functionalized silica/carbon‐based materials, heteropolyacids (HPAs), and metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), highlighting their unique mechanisms and performance in cellulose conversion. Furthermore, the review describes the intriguing progress in hydrolysis strategies (pretreatment techniques and advanced heating systems) that have been crucially involved in overcoming the challenges associated with cellulose recalcitrance and achieving enhanced HMF yields. The synergistic interactions between catalysts and innovative hydrolysis methods have played a central role in the breakthroughs within cellulose conversion technology. Another aspect covered in this work is the advancement in using fixed‐/fluidized‐bed reactors and slug microreactors for the continuous production of HMF. Lastly, the current challenges and future perspectives are presented to propose the dilemma and development direction for efficient cellulose‐to‐HMF conversion.

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“…Amongst other factors to be considered in the ball mill is the grinding media filling level, which affects the interstitial filling between the grinding media [68]. Interstitial filling are the spaces between balls which are filled with ore material.…”

Section: Grinding Media Fillingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grinding Media in Ball Mills-A Review

Matsanga¹,

Nheta²,

Chimwani³

2023

Preprint

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Comminution is a very important and result-determining step in mineral processing. This is because further downstream processes in the beneficiation chain depend entirely on it. Comminution includes the blasting, crushing, and grinding of ore to liberate valuable mineral particles. It consumes most of the energy used in mineral processing plants with grinding using up to 50% of the provided energy. Tumbling mills are an old technology that is still commonly used for grinding. One of the most used tumbling mills is the ball mill. This paper reviews different types of grinding media that have been developed and improved over the years and their properties. Also reviewed are the effects of grinding media on various aspects such as energy consumption, mill efficiency, minerals liberation and grinding rate. A comparison of the grinding media is given together with the knowledge gaps that still need to be bridged to improve the quality and performance of grinding media used in ball mills. Despite various research conducted on ball mills, the grinding process is still a very energy inefficient process. This creates a great opportunity for further research to improve the process because just a slight improvement in the process efficiency significantly reduces the production costs and provides a lot of environmental benefits.

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Ball milling as an important pretreatment technique in lignocellulose biorefineries: a review

Cited by 34 publications

References 106 publications

Mechanochemical Pretreatment for Waste‐Free Conversion of Bamboo to Simple Sugars: Utilization of Available Resources for Developing Economies

Mechanochemical Pretreatment for Waste‐Free Conversion of Bamboo to Simple Sugars: Utilization of Available Resources for Developing Economies

Catalytic Conversion of Cellulose to 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural: Advancements in Heterogeneous Catalysts and Cutting‐Edge Hydrolysis Strategies

Grinding Media in Ball Mills-A Review

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