Ball heading and subclinical concussion in soccer as a risk factor for anterior cruciate ligament injury

Kakavas, George; Malliaropoulos, Nikos; Błach, Wiesław; Bikos, Georgios; Migliorini, Filippo

doi:10.1186/s13018-021-02711-z

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Higher postural control was found to be one of the most influential factors on technical skill performance under the pressure of competitors and rapidly changing situations. In order to enhance branch-specific technical skills and increase the success rate of their performance in the game, it is recommended that balancing training be performed in addition to their use in injury prevention 35 . Due to their strength, these athletes are at risk for brain damage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of sports-related concussion in soccer: a comprehensive review of the literature

Indharty

Siahaan

Rosarina

et al. 2023

Annals of Medicine &Amp; Surgery

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Introduction: Concussion is a common complaint among adult and adolescent athletes around the world and poses a safety risk in competitive, recreational, and noncontact sports. It is estimated that concussions occur at a rate of 0.5 per 1000 playing hours; however, the precision of this estimate is uncertain due to variations in the interpretation and reporting of concussions. Athletes with a history of concussions are more likely to sustain additional concussions, which can result in cognitive decline, depression, and early degenerative change. In order to lessen the likelihood of future difficulties, this study compiles the research on preventing sports-related concussion in soccer and presents a summary of the findings. Material and Methods: We performed a literature search on PubMed, EBSCO (Elton B. Stephens Company), DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals), and Cochrane for the past 20 years. The search strategy was using Boolean terms based on any of the search terms of sports-related-concussion, soccer, and prevention. The studies were included based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: This research identified three systematic reviews, seven literature reviews, five cross-sectional studies, one randomized controlled trial, three prospective studies, and one retrospective study. As concussion prevention measures in soccer, several strategies can be implemented, including concussion education, rule/regulation changes, proper heading technique, behavioral skills training, vision training to improve sensory and anticipation, the use of supplements to prevent severe concussion and accelerate recovery, as well as prevention in youth sports and head impact detection. Conclusion: Good education, good technique, good training, and a good strengthening program can be implemented to prevent concussions in soccer. To determine the relationship between prevention and concussion, however, additional research is required.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of sports-related concussion in soccer: a comprehensive review of the literature

Indharty

Siahaan

Rosarina

et al. 2023

Annals of Medicine &Amp; Surgery

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“…Future research into injury mechanisms should also consider the contextual factors surrounding the injury to ensure the chaotic complexity of match play is at the forefront of discussion. [114][115][116] CONCLUSION Clearly, strength, neuromotor agility, psychological, and cardiovascular fitness are required for a safe RTP, and authors have suggested that ecological situations used to study these parameters are important to implement. Novel concepts are highlighted regarding assessments for both clinical and field measurement use, which together capture a more complete picture of neuromotor control in the athlete.…”

Section: Is Neuromotor Control the Key?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological and Specific Evidence-Based Safe Return To Play After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction In Soccer Players: A New International Paradigm

Forelli¹,

Coroller

Gaspar³

et al. 2023

International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy

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Existing return to play (RTP) assessments have not demonstrated the ability to decrease risk of subsequent anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury after reconstruction (ACLR). RTP criteria are standardized and do not simulate the physical and cognitive activity required by the practice of sport. Most RTP criteria do not include an ecological approach. There are scientific algorithms as the “5 factor maximum model” that can identify risk profiles and help reduce the risk of a second anterior cruciate ligament injury. Nevertheless, these algorithms remain too standardized and do not include the situations experienced in games by soccer players. This is why it is important to integrate ecological situations specific to the environment of soccer players in order to evaluate players under conditions closest to their sporting activity, especially with high cognitive load. One should identify high risk players under two conditions: Clinical analyses commonly include assessments such as isokinetic testing, functional tests (hop tests, vertical force-velocity, profile), running, clinical assessments (range of motion and graft laxity), proprioception and balance (Star Excursion Balance Test modified, Y-Balance, stabilometry) and psychological parameters (kinesophobia, quality of life and fear of re-injury). Field testing usually includes game simulation, evaluation under dual-task conditions, fatigue and workload analysis, deceleration, timed-agility-test and horizontal force-velocity profiles. Although it seems important to evaluate strength, psychological variables and aerobic and anaerobic capacities, evaluation of neuromotor control in standard and ecological situations may be helpful for reducing the risk of injury after ACLR. This proposal for RTP testing after ACLR is supported by the scientific literature and attempts to approximate the physical and cognitive loads during a soccer match. Future scientific investigation will be required to demonstrate the validity of this approach. Level of Evidence 5

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“…Repeated concussions, relatively common in contact sports, have been recognized as serious medical events that can cause sustained cognitive and psychiatric changes, as well as neurodegeneration ( McKee et al, 2009 ; Prins et al, 2013 ; Greco et al, 2019 ; Zetterberg et al, 2019 ; Kashyap et al, 2022 ). Recently, it has become evident that non-injurious sub-concussive repeated head impacts, such as frequent heading in soccer, may result in acute and chronic neurological effects ( Ashton et al, 2020 ; Kakavas et al, 2021 ; McCunn et al, 2021 ; Sandmo et al, 2022 ). Blast induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) has been referred to as a hallmark neurological signature in servicemen exposed to blast waves generated by improvised explosive devices (IED) during recent military operations ( Cernak, 2017 ; DePalma and Hoffman, 2018 ;…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical model of mechanobiology of acute and repeated synaptic injury and systemic biomarker kinetics

Gharahi

Garimella²,

Chen³

et al. 2023

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

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BackgroundBlast induced Traumatic Brain Injury (bTBI) has become a signature casualty of military operations. Recently, military medics observed neurocognitive deficits in servicemen exposed to repeated low level blast (LLB) waves during military heavy weapons training. In spite of significant clinical and preclinical TBI research, current understanding of injury mechanisms and short- and long-term outcomes is limited. Mathematical models of bTBI biomechanics and mechanobiology of sensitive neuro-structures such as synapses may help in better understanding of injury mechanisms and in the development of improved diagnostics and neuroprotective strategies.Methods and resultsIn this work, we formulated a model of a single synaptic structure integrating the dynamics of the synaptic cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) with the deformation mechanics of the synaptic cleft. The model can resolve time scales ranging from milliseconds during the hyperacute phase of mechanical loading to minutes-hours acute/chronic phase of injury progression/repair. The model was used to simulate the synaptic injury responses caused by repeated blast loads.ConclusionOur simulations demonstrated the importance of the number of exposures compared to the duration of recovery period between repeated loads on the synaptic injury responses. The paper recognizes current limitations of the model and identifies potential improvements.

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Ball heading and subclinical concussion in soccer as a risk factor for anterior cruciate ligament injury

Cited by 12 publications

References 16 publications

Prevention of sports-related concussion in soccer: a comprehensive review of the literature

Prevention of sports-related concussion in soccer: a comprehensive review of the literature

Ecological and Specific Evidence-Based Safe Return To Play After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction In Soccer Players: A New International Paradigm

Mathematical model of mechanobiology of acute and repeated synaptic injury and systemic biomarker kinetics

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