Balkan (Endemic) Nephropathy and Foodborn Ochratoxin A: Preliminary Results of a Survey of Foodstuffs

Krogh, P.; Hald, Birthe; Pleština, R.; Čeović, Stjepan

doi:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1977.tb01702.x

Cited by 63 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…In endemic areas, OTA has been found in human blood as well as in human food [123, 126, 130, 131, 132] and in animal feed in higher concentrations than in nonendemic areas [133] or the countries without BEN. It is important to mention that the feed levels of OTA in animal feeds from endemic for MPN regions (38–552 ppb) are approximately the same as in the foods from endemic for BEN regions (10–890 ppb), which additionally suggest a possible common etiology [1].…”

Section: A Possible Involvement Of Mycotoxins In Etiology Of Balkamentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex Etiology, Prophylaxis and Hygiene Control in Mycotoxic Nephropathies in Farm Animals and Humans

Stoev

2008

IJMS

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Abstract:Various etiological factors contributing to the development of mycotoxic nephropathy in farm animals and humans are reviewed. The possible synergistic effect between ochratoxin A (OTA) and other mycotoxins, as penicillic acid (PA) and fumonisin B 1 (FB 1 ), contributing to this nephropathy is also considered and discussed. The most convenient ways of prophylaxis and various preventive measures against OTA contamination of feeds or foods are reviewed. A reference is made concerning the most successful methods of veterinary hygiene control in the slaughterhouses in order to prevent the entering of OTA in commercial channels with a view to human health. The economic efficacy of these prophylactic procedures is also considered. An evaluation of human exposure to OTA is made.Keywords: mycotoxic nephropathy, Balkan endemic nephropathy, ochratoxin A, penicillic acid, fumonisin B 1 , synergism, preventive measures, hygiene control, pathogenesis Abbreviations: MN -mycotoxic nephropathy; MPN -mycotoxic porcine nephropathy; MAN -mycotoxic avian nephropathy; MNFA -mycotoxic nephropathy in farm animals; BEN -Balkan endemic nephropathy; OTA -ochratoxin A; OTα -ochratoxin α; PApenicillic acid; FB 1 -fumonisin B 1Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2008, 9

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Section: A Possible Involvement Of Mycotoxins In Etiology Of Balkamentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex Etiology, Prophylaxis and Hygiene Control in Mycotoxic Nephropathies in Farm Animals and Humans

Stoev

2008

IJMS

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“…Various commodities including corn, peanuts, wheat, maize, rye, barley, coffee beans, flour, rice, spices, bread and animal feed may contain OTA. The highest amounts of OTA in food of plant origin were found mainly in Eastern Europe [8,9,10,11,12]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetogenic Effects of Ochratoxin A in Female Rats

Mor

Sengul

Topsakal

et al. 2017

Toxins

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In this study, the diabetogenic effects of long term Ochratoxin A (OTA) administration in rats were investigated, and its role in the etiology of diabetes mellitus (DM) was examined utilizing 42 female Wistar rats for these purposes. The rats were divided into three different study and control groups according to the duration of the OTA administration. The rats received 45 μg OTA daily in their feed for 6, 9 and 24 weeks, respectively. Three control groups were also used for the same time periods. Blood and pancreatic tissue samples were collected during the necropsy at the end of the 6, 9 and 24 weeks. The plasma values of insulin, glucagon and glucose were determined for the study and control groups. Pancreatic lesions were evaluated via histopathological examination and insulin and glucagon expression in these lesions was subsequently determined using immunohistochemical methods. Statistically significant decreases in insulin levels were observed, in contrast to increases in blood glucagon and glucose levels. Histopathological examinations revealed slight to moderate degeneration in Langerhans islet cells in all OTA-treated groups. Immunohistochemistry of pancreatic tissue revealed decreased insulin and increased glucagon expression. This study demonstrated that OTA may cause pancreatic damage in the Langerhans islet and predispose rats to DM.

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“…OTA is nephrotoxic and is a potent renal carcinogen in rats (7) and in chicks (8). In humans, OTA has been associated with nephropathies in the Balkans (9) and in North African countries (10).…”

Section: Abstract: Bioactivation Carcinogenicity Dna Adduction Glmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glutathione Conjugates of Ochratoxin a as Biomarkers of Exposure / Glutationski Konjugati Okratoksina A Kao Biomarkeri Izloženosti

Tozlovanu

Canadas

Pfohl‐Leszkowicz

et al. 2012

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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In the present study the photoreactivity of the fungal carcinogen ochratoxin A (OTA) has been utilised to generate authentic samples of reduced glutathione (GSH) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) conjugates of the parent toxin. These conjugates, along with the nontoxic OTα, which is generated through hydrolysis of the amide bond of OTA by carboxypeptidase A, were utilised as biomarkers to study the metabolism of OTA in the liver and kidney of male and female Dark Agouti rats. Male rats are more susceptible than female rats to OTA carcinogenesis with the kidney being the target organ. Our studies show that the distribution of OTA in male and female rat kidney is not signifi cantly different. However, the extent of OTA metabolism was greater in male than female rats. Much higher levels of OTα were detected in the liver compared to the kidney, and formation of OTα is a detoxifi cation pathway for OTA. These fi ndings suggest that differences in metabolism between male and female rats could provide an explanation for the higher sensitivity of male rats to OTA toxicity.

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Balkan (Endemic) Nephropathy and Foodborn Ochratoxin A: Preliminary Results of a Survey of Foodstuffs

Cited by 63 publications

References 0 publications

Complex Etiology, Prophylaxis and Hygiene Control in Mycotoxic Nephropathies in Farm Animals and Humans

Complex Etiology, Prophylaxis and Hygiene Control in Mycotoxic Nephropathies in Farm Animals and Humans

Diabetogenic Effects of Ochratoxin A in Female Rats

Glutathione Conjugates of Ochratoxin a as Biomarkers of Exposure / Glutationski Konjugati Okratoksina A Kao Biomarkeri Izloženosti

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