Balancing risk and pleasure: sexual self-control as a moderator of the influence of sexual desires on sexual risk-taking in men who have sex with men

Abstract

Although MSM who are higher in sexual sensation seeking are more likely to engage in sexual risk-taking, some men successfully self-regulate the influence of their sexual desires on UAI-C. While men high in sexual self-control may spontaneously control their sexual desires, men low in sexual self-control may benefit from a generation of prevention tools that promote planning ahead of time.

HIV Epidemics in the European Region: Vulnerability and Response

“…Elevated risk of injecting-related harm while in prison is well documented; between 1% and 56% of prisoners report ever injecting while in prison [46]. In Estonia, between 58% and 66% of PWID have been in prison at least once.…”

“…In Central Europe rates varied from as low as 0.2% in the Czech Republic in 1999-2000 [97] to 10% in Belgrade in 2005 [42]. [92], and the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), Statistical Bulletin 2011, which provided estimates for many countries across the region [46]. The review generated many and diverse prevalence estimates, with large variations seen across the subregions, countries, and even cities.…”

“…• Receipt of OST reduces by 50% the chances of PWID becoming infected, based on a recent unpublished meta-analysis of cohort studies that estimates the reduction in HIV incidence among people currently on OST [46]. Any scale-up of OST and NSP is assumed to occur over a 7 year period from 2012 to 2019 to mimic the scale-up of NSP in Tallinn [42]; the impact of different final coverage levels are also considered…”

“…Proposals for HIV-related surveillance studies need to be conducted with full consultation with affected populations and with appropriate rights protections in place [44]. There are some useful lessons in good surveillance practice in Europe, including for instance, the European Men Who Have Sex with Men Internet Survey (EMIS) among MSM, the sentinel surveillance of HIV and risk among PWID in Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom, and the sentinel surveillance among SWs in Central Asia [40,[46][47][48][49]. All countries within the region should regularly assess and estimate the sizes of the three main key populations at high risk-MSM, PWID, and SW.…”

“…This information is used to assess homophily, or the extent to which recruiters are likely to recruit individuals similar to themselves, and to weight the sample to compensate or control for differences in network size, homophily, and recruitment success. RDS has been increasingly used in Europe and internationally to recruit samples of SWs [44,45], MSM [46] and PWID [47][48][49][50], and it has been championed for its ability to provide more representative estimates of risk behavior and HIV prevalence [46,[50][51][52][53]. There have been recent ethical concerns that the use of incentives may negatively affect participants' social and economic relationships in populations of PWID.…”