Balancing human–bear coexistence with biodiversity conservation

Challenges and Opportunities in Aligning Conservation with Development in China’s National Parks: A Narrative Literature Review

“…Sanjiangyuan National Park (SNP): Launched as a pilot site in 2016 and formally established as a national park in 2021, SNP is primarily managed by the provincial government of Qinghai Province through a local governing body, the Sanjiangyuan National Park Administration [22]. It is the largest protected area in the world, covering an area 14 times larger than Yellowstone National Park [23] (Figure 1). Located on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, the park's environment is comprised of alpine forests, grasslands, and meadows at an average elevation of more than 13,000 feet above sea level.…”

“…This model can encourage locals to uphold cultural traditions while transitioning away from landscape-damaging traditional pastoral practices [31]. Finally, several researchers highlight the importance of reducing the frequency of human-carnivore conflict (4 papers), including through the use of government-funded livestock corrals [48] and bearproof steel bins for food [23].…”

Community perspectives of flagship species: can conservation motivators mitigate human-wildlife conflict?

“…The Buddhist faith is an important driver to maintain biodiversity (Shen et al, 2015) since it imparts a sanctity that encourages protection of wild species (James and Cooper, 2007). SNP was once a vast wilderness and a paradise for wildlife, but now the interaction between humans and the environment have led to many conflicts, especially for large carnivores because of their extensive range and dietary needs often overlapping with human activities (Su et al, 2023). The Tibetan brown bear (Ursus arctos pruinosus) and gray wolf (Canis lupus) are the main species who experience conflict because they kill livestock, destroy houses, and injure people (Dai et al, 2020).…”