Balancing Employment and Fatherhood

Berry, Judy O.; Rao, Julie Meyer

doi:10.1177/019251397018004002

Cited by 35 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Maternal employment is directly related to paternal involvement in the care of infants (Hyde, Essex, & Horton, 1993;Lamb et al, 1988), preschoolers (Berry & Rao, 1997) and school-age children (Crouter, Helms-Erikson, Updegraff, & McHale, 1999). These studies show that involved fathers know more about their children's daily experiences, but parental employment patterns have more profound influences than changes in child care.…”

Section: Linking Family Interactions Into the Wider Social Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Crouter et al's (1999) research suggests that the signs of distress in father-infant relationships are not evident beyond infancy: Indeed, men in dual earner families appear to have closer relationships with their children (see also Berry & Rao, 1997), although a report from the NICHD Early Child Care Study (2000) noted that the link between employment and the quality of child-father interaction was moderated by the men's attitudes and ages, with younger fathers and those more committed to equal parenting having more sensitive play styles. Cultural patterns of parental employment are also influential.…”

Section: Linking Family Interactions Into the Wider Social Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fathers’ influences on children’s development: The evidence from two-parent families

2003

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Although it is often assumed that men have an important influence on their children's development, the supportive evidence can be difficult to locate and summarize. In this paper, we analyse the evidence with respect to four emergent themes. First, men often appear to interact with their children less sensitively than mothers do, and many children thus appear to form closer attachments to their mothers than to their fathers. Second, the data also indicate that fathers may play specific and important roles, with men in some cultures having clearly defined roles as playmates to their children. Third, paternal play styles predict later socio-emotional development while paternal involvement seems to predict adult adjustment better than maternal involvement does. Such evidence suggests, fourth, that we need appropriate measures of fatherhood that are not simply borrowed from the study of motherhood.Thirty years ago, fathers were described as 'forgotten contributors to child development' (Lamb, 1975). Since then, men have been in and out of the research focus, but there is now a large database with which to assess the roles of men in families. For the past 15 years, more than 700 articles on fathers have been cited each year in the Psychological Abstracts database. Although we assess current research on the nature and importance of father-child relationships in this paper, therefore, we must acknowledge from the outset that a brief review can only sketch the broad outlines particularly as the study of fatherhood has become so complex and multi disciplinary. Readers are referred elsewhere for more complete summaries of the recent research (Day & Lamb, in press; Lamb, in press;Tamis-LeMonda & Cabrera, 2002). In the interest of simplicity and brevity, we confine our analysis to research on two-parent households.We argue here that, when two parents live with their children, fathers contribute to their children's development in important ways. Not only should we take men into account when studying families [as do the other papers in this special edition], but we should also consider

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Section: Linking Family Interactions Into the Wider Social Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Linking Family Interactions Into the Wider Social Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fathers’ influences on children’s development: The evidence from two-parent families

2003

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“…Of the studies that do include fathers, the focus is on general paternal roles in the family (Berry & Rao, 1997;Ishi-Kuntz, 1994;Yoshida, 2012), and involvement within general and special education (Ingber & Most, 2012;Morgan et al, 2009;White, 2011). Because parent participation is linked with positive student outcomes (Henderson & Mapp, 2002), research about fathers' navigation of the special education system can be informative for research and practice.…”

Section: The Need For Research About Fathers' Experiences With the Spmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fathers’ Experiences With the Special Education System

Mueller

Buckley

2014

Research and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities

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Research about parent experiences with the special education system is largely dominated from mothers' perspectives. This article will present a qualitative interview study of the overlooked voice: fathers of children with disabilities. Twenty fathers were interviewed about their experiences navigating the system for their child. Three key experiences surfaced during data analysis: Individualized Education Program (IEP) meeting, collaboration with educators, and conflict. The fathers reported that IEP meetings exemplify an overwhelming and insufficient process in need of restructuring. Findings indicated that effective collaboration with educators require building relationships, establishing communication, and listening to the parent voice. The fathers also discussed addressing conflict with educators through two strategies: fighting the battle and/or coming together for a resolution. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.

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“…If applicants' work histories are inconsistent with socially constructed gender roles, deviation from expected behaviors may be judged negatively (Eagly, 1987;Eagly, Karau, & Makhijani, 1995;Eagly, Makhijani, & Klonsky, 1992). Given that masculine stereotypes reflect the agentic content associated with paid employment and career focus (Bem, 1993;Berry & Rao, 1997;Broverman, Vogel, Broverman, Clarkson, & Rosenkrantz, 1972;Chodorow, 1978;Eagly & Steffen, 1984;Kiesler, 1975;Lovell et al, 1999;Schneer & Reitman, 1990;Spence & Helmreich, 1979), employment discontinuities may be inconsistent with typical masculine stereotypes. Consequently, male applicants whose work histories reflect employment discontinuities will be judged more harshly, as they have violated expected masculine behaviors (e.g., Allen & Russell, 1999;Eagly, 1987;Eagly et al, 1992Eagly et al, , 1995.…”

Section: Theoretical Background and Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Name Game: Employability Evaluations of Prototypical Applicants with Stereotypical Feminine and Masculine First Names

et al. 2005

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This study was designed to examine professional human resource managers' recommendations and inferences about prototypical applicants who had identical qualifications, in which the presence of periods of unemployment and name (feminine, masculine) of applicants were manipulated. Results indicate that although overall income for female applicants was less than male applicants in some conditions, male applicants were penalized and evaluated more harshly than female applicants when they had experienced periods of unemployment. Specifically, male applicants with employment gaps were seen as less committed and as less hirable than their female counterparts. Overall, male applicants were less likely to be recommended for an interview, and, when they experienced multiple gaps, they were less likely to be recommended for further consideration.

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Balancing Employment and Fatherhood

Cited by 35 publications

References 26 publications

Fathers’ influences on children’s development: The evidence from two-parent families

Fathers’ influences on children’s development: The evidence from two-parent families

Fathers’ Experiences With the Special Education System

The Name Game: Employability Evaluations of Prototypical Applicants with Stereotypical Feminine and Masculine First Names

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