V isualization tools for concurrent systems must support designers in their quest to create visualizations that promote an understanding of concurrent computations and avoid inconsistent or unsynchronized views that mislead users. A visualization system with reorderable, synchronous, and independent displays provides the necessary framework for understanding concurrent computations. This article opens with a discussion of current visualization faults and limitations. We then explain why we find the characteristics mentioned above essential to the analysis of concurrent computations and how we applied them to create a more effective visualization system through our Parade visualization environment and Polka animation toolkit. Accurately representing concurrent actions Parallel and distributed programs consist of multiple processes either statically created at the start of execution or dynamically created and destroyed during execution. Local activity and interaction with other processes transform the state of each process. Visualizations-animated displays presented at various levels of abstraction-help system designers and programmers evaluate performance, verify correctness, find errors, and gain insight into structure and execution behavior. 1 However, experience shows that designers must carefully construct visualizations of concurrent executions to avoid misrepresentation and improve understanding of the interactions between processes. 2 36