Balanced and energy‐efficient multi‐hop techniques for routing in wireless sensor networks

Abstract

In Wireless Sensor Networks, the power resources of the nodes are significantly restricted. Hence, a special treatment for their available energy is deeply required. In long distance transmission, Multi-Hop (MH) techniques are preferred. Although MH minimizes the amount of energy cost consumed by each node along the path but finding the optimal routing path between nodes is still very interesting issues. This paper proposes a Balanced and Energy Efficient MH (BEEMH) algorithm that is developed based on Dijkstra algorithm. It gives great interest to the residual energy of nodes; hence higher energy nodes are exclusively elected to work as relays. Moreover, the total energy consumption at both TX and RX has been merged to model the weight of links between nodes. Finally, Dijkstra algorithm is employed to efficiently search for the minimum cost path. Furthermore, two proposed MH protocols are introduced. Both are mainly based on the BEEMH algorithm. MATLAB simulator has been used to evaluate BEEMH in comparison with other conventional algorithms such as; minimum transmission energy (MTE), energy saving oriented least-hop routing algorithm (ESLHA), and energy saving-oriented routing algorithm based on Dijkstra (ESRAD) under various scenarios of network models. Then the performance of our proposed protocols is compared with the related MH protocols.

(EERSM): Energy-Efficient Multi-Hop Routing Technique in Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Combination between Stationary and Mobile Nodes

“… All sensor nodes have the same initial energy and the BS has ultimate power.  All sensor node consume power for transmitting, receiving and relaying packets [34] (i.e. Total energy consumed for each sensor node…”

Solving Multi-Objective Fuzzy Optimization in Wireless Smart Sensor Networks under Uncertainty Using a Hybrid of IFR and SSO Algorithm

“…Step F3. Calculate the right inverse function y Ri and the left inverse function y Li as shown in Equations (22) and (23):…”

“…Chanak et al [19] discussed the balance of energy consumption among deployed sensors in a WSN. The energy-optimal routing problem in WSNs has recently been studied by several works [20][21][22]. The improvement of energy consumption by clustering method in a WSN has also been discussed by some works [23,24].However, the measured values of energy consumption in real-life WSN systems are usually uncertain and imprecise.…”

Improve Energy Consumption and Signal Transmission Quality of Routings in Wireless Sensor Networks

“…From the user's perspective, service quality refers to whether a response, message, or signal from the system or themselves is able to arrive at its destination reliably, effectively, economically, and efficiently, anywhere and anytime [3,[19][20][21][22][23]. Hence, routing plays an important role in improving service quality and has been the focus of several works in recent literature for residual energy optimization [1,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. However, reported approaches lack the ability to find an optimal routing path based on more than one objective [3,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23].…”

“…Hence, routing plays an important role in improving service quality and has been the focus of several works in recent literature for residual energy optimization [1,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. However, reported approaches lack the ability to find an optimal routing path based on more than one objective [3,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23].…”